3.2.1.1 structure of eukaryotic cells

Question 1

cell surface membrane

Answer 1

controls what enters and exits cell
phospholipid bilayer

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

site of DNA replication and contains genetic info
-nuclear envelope, double membrane
-nuclear pores, allows enzymes to enter and mRNA to exit
-nucleolus, site of ribosome production
-contains chromosomes. linear DNA wrapped tightly around histones

Question 3

mitochondria

Answer 3

site of aerobic respiration and ATP production
-double membrane
-inner membrane folds to form many cristae (large SA)
-matrix, contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration
-mitochondrial DNA codes for enzymes

Question 4

chloroplast

Answer 4

site of photosynthesis
-double membrane
-thylakoids, fluid filled discs which stack to form grana which are connected by lamella. thylakoid is the site of the LDR
-stroma, contains enzymes needed for LIR

Question 5

golgi apparatus

Answer 5

flattened membrane sacs with vesicles. cisternae
-add carbs to proteins to form glycoproteins
-produce secretory enzymes
-transport and modify lipids
-form lysosomes (enzymes and vesicles)
-transport products (such as enzymes) to cell surface membrane to be released

Question 6

lysosome

Answer 6

bags of digestive enyzmes
-hydrolyse phagocytes
-break down dead cells
-exocytosis-release enzymes outside of cell to destroy material

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

made of proteins and rRNA
-80s
-protein synthesis

Question 8

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

folded membranes called cisternae
-ribosomes on surface
-site of protein synthesis

Question 9

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

-synthesis and storage of lipids and carbs
-no ribosomes

Question 10

cell wall

Answer 10

-cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi
-strength and support

Question 11

cell vacuole

Answer 11

fluid filled
-make cells turgid to provide support