3.2.1.1 Structure of eukaryotic cells Flashcards
What is the basic structural unit of all living organisms?
The cell.
True or False: Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus.
True.
What organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.
nucleus.
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis?
Ribosome.
What structure protects and gives shape to plant cells?
Cell wall.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
It is involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system? A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Ribosome D) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Ribosome.
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Digestion and waste removal.
True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.
False.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in maintaining the shape and structure of the cell.
Cell wall
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
It regulates what enters and exits the cell.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’? A) Ribosome B) Mitochondria C) Nucleus D) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondria.
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Storage of substances and maintaining turgor pressure.
True or False: All eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts.
False.
What is the primary component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.
cytoskeleton.
What is the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?
Breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances.
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis? A) Ribosome B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) Lysosome
B) Endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface; smooth ER does not.
True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.
True.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
It is involved in ribosome production.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles.
cytosol.
What type of DNA is found in mitochondria?
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? A) Energy production B) Structural support C) Protein synthesis D) DNA replication
B) Structural support.
What is the primary role of the plasma membrane’s proteins?
Transporting substances across the membrane and signaling.
What is the function of the plasma (cell surface) membrane?
Regulates entry and exit of substances
The plasma membrane is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the cell.
What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs
Unlike the rough ER, it lacks ribosomes.
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Energy production through ATP synthesis
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins
It plays a key role in the secretory pathway.
What is a key characteristic of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Studded with ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface
This feature is essential for protein synthesis.
What is the structure that contains the cell’s genetic material?
Nucleus
The nucleus houses DNA and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for ribosome production.
nucleolus
The nucleolus is found within the nucleus.
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Digestion of macromolecules and cellular waste
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.
True or False: The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.
True
The cytoplasm is essential for cellular processes.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
Ribosomes can be free-floating or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Fill in the blank: The _______ encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.
nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope has pores that regulate molecular traffic.
What is the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?
Maintains cell integrity and facilitates communication
It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
What are the two main types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis.
What is the primary role of the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?
Site of metabolic processes and organelle function
It contains various organelles suspended in a gel-like substance.
What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells lack such organelles.
What is the function of the plasma (cell surface) membrane?
Regulates entry and exit of substances
The plasma membrane is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the cell.
What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs
Unlike the rough ER, it lacks ribosomes.
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Energy production through ATP synthesis
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins
It plays a key role in the secretory pathway.
What is a key characteristic of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Studded with ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface
This feature is essential for protein synthesis.
What is the structure that contains the cell’s genetic material?
Nucleus
The nucleus houses DNA and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for ribosome production.
nucleolus
The nucleolus is found within the nucleus.
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Digestion of macromolecules and cellular waste
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.
True or False: The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.
True
The cytoplasm is essential for cellular processes.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
Ribosomes can be free-floating or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Fill in the blank: The _______ encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.
nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope has pores that regulate molecular traffic.
What is the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?
Maintains cell integrity and facilitates communication
It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
What are the two main types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis.
What is the primary role of the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?
Site of metabolic processes and organelle function
It contains various organelles suspended in a gel-like substance.
What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells lack such organelles.
