3.2.1.1 Parts of the matrix Flashcards
Intervention logic
Intervention logic
This corresponds to the first column of the matrix
it displays
what the project intends to achieve?
how?
by clarifying the
causal relations between
different levels of Obj
or
project strategy.
General objective/Goal
describes the
large-scale goal to which the project will contribute
together with other projects or actions,
but which cannot be achieved by the project alone.
The Specific objective/Project purpose
(SO/PP)
(SO/PP) is
normally the first piece in the LFM
key reference point of the project
The SO/PP is defined in terms of
the benefits
or
the immediate impact
upon project Ben
as result of the project services
The SO/PP must clearly state
the desired change
where the change will take place
and
the magnitude of the change to be achieved
The achievement of the SO/PP should depend on
the team responsible for the project
and also on
the Ben involved
in order to ensure SOS
The following advice is given regarding the project purpose:
– It is recommended to develop only one specific objective per logical framework matrix.
More than one matrix may be needed for a more complex project.
The following advice is given regarding the project purpose:
– Objectives should be set such that they are achievable within the proj
Time
Resource
Constraints
The following advice is given regarding the project purpose:
The matrix inputs should describe the desired outcome and not the process or activity for achieving the result.
Terms such as “guaranteed” or “assured” can be difficult to achieve
in some programmes and should be used carefully.
Results/Outputs
The Results/Outputs describe the
undertaken.services to be delivered to project Ben
to achieve SO/PP
they are the
product of the activities undertaken.
It is important to distinguish between results, activities and indicator
Results statements should describe the change in the service provided and they will be the effect produced by the proposed activities: For example
‘Better access to sanitation services’
Activity example
‘100 latrines constructed’
Indicators of the results should be chosen for measurement of the result. In this example,
the result will be ‘1 500 people have access to
latrines, and use them’.
Activities
Activities are
how the services of the project will be delivered,
things that must be done to achieve the results
Some recommendations on presenting the activities are:
Activities should be presented with the corresponding result
Some recommendations on presenting the activities are:
Activities should be expressed in a tangible way, and should be achievable within the project timeframe
Some recommendations on presenting the activities are:
While activities are tangible, flexibility is also important
For example
‘Construct 10 water points’
allows the type of water point to be chosen during project implementation
whereas
‘Construct 10 wells’
precisely defines the type of water point and may not be appropriate
It is easier to justify
changes in the activities in the implementation phase than changes of results or specific objective
it is necessary to understand how changes can affect the project in terms of timing, budget,
human resources
Vertical logic
specify indicators
(to measure progress)
ID SOV/MOV
(which indicators are to be measured)
Present ROA
(concerning the project)
Objectively verifiable indicators
Indicators are
parameters
used to
measure, state and check
how the
SO,results and activities have been achieved
They are important for
monitoring the project.
Indicators can be
qualitative or quantitative
Note. – It is important to distinguish between the 1-indicators discussed earlier that serve to characterise a situation and
2-the indicators that measure actions undertaken
Indicators of the situation are parameters used to define a specific quality or state and they are used mainly in the ID, Ass
phase
(i.e. WQ parameters).
However, objective and results indicators precisely express
changes brought about by interventions
(e.g. ‘water supplied will have between 0.4 and 0.6 mg/l of FRC’).
Before defining an indicator, it is necessary to
verify the feasibility of measuring it.
For example, diarrhoea morbidity can be difficult to measure by a water and sanitation project if the health care system does not include proper monitoring
Some activities, results and specific objectives may require more than
one indicator, as one
may not provide enough information to assess progress
Indicators must be
“SMART”
Specific: with regard to
Q&Q
TGs
Time
Place
Measurable:
(direct or indirect) and unambiguous
Attainable and sensitive:
they should be
achievable by the project and
sensitive to changes
the project aims to make.
Relevant and easy to collect:
the indicators chosen should be relevant to the project in question,
and
it must be feasible to collect information on them at reasonable cost.
Timebound:
indicators should describe by when a certain change is expected
Indicators may be
direct or indirect
Direct indicators are related to
a directly observable change
For the result ‘Water access improved’
direct indicator can be :
‘100 families have access to improved water points’
indirect indicators are
indirect consequences of this change
For the result ‘Water access improved’
indirect indicator could be ‘More children attend school’
(because they spend less than 15 minutes
collecting water and this leaves them time to go to school
Indicators for
Specific objectives/results
can focus on
CB or BC.
In these cases,
indicators are mainly qualitative.
However, they must still be rigorous
For the result
‘Water department capacities’,
‘Number of people attended training’ is not enough as the only indicator because it
does not demonstrate change.
‘10 technical staff have improved their knowledge on water-point maintenance’ should complement the first indicator.
Although ‘improved knowledge’ is qualitative it is a measure of progress.
Indicators of SOV/MOV
indicate
How, where & in what
forms the required information on the achievement of
SO/PP and results can be found.
SOV must be
Trustworthy
Accessible
Provide the information required to verify the chosen indicators
SOV/MOV include
official/private
reports /EV
internal surveys /reports, technical surveys
CCI from
different sources is recommended for certain indicators
SOV/MOV must indicate
1-The source
(project records, official statistics etc.)
which provides the information and how regularly it should be provided.
2-The work + cost of collecting +analysing information must be assessed and covered by the project
Examples of SOV/MOV
KAP surveys can be the SOV for indicators of hygiene-BC
WQA can be used to verify improvement in the quality of the water
HCC records
Health,sanitary assessment
Internal,Proj,Prog, report
External EV
Means
Means are
human, material and service resources (inputs)
needed to carry out the activities
Activities must be
detailed with the required means and costs
Costs are the
FIN.Resources needed to carry out these activities
Some logical frameworks have ‘ Inputs’
the means and the costs separated from the
activities
Risks or Assumptions “AOR “
Risks are
key events, actions or decisions
upon which project success depends
which may be subject to delay or which may not materialise.
Risks are not supposed to occur
but there is a probability that they might
Assumptions are
external factors
outside the immediate control of the project,
crucial for
the achievement of activities, results and objectives
The aim of specifying assumptions and preconditions is to
ID and assess
potential risks to, dependencies of, the project right from initial stages of the project design,
to support the M of risks during the Imp of the
project
to provide a basis for necessary adjustments.
It is important to identify the assumptions at
each level of the logical framework analysis
Some assumptions can be identified during the
analysis phase as objectives included in the
objective tree
Those objectives are not achieved by the project but
they can be important for achieving the purpose of the project
For example
a nutrition project may have ‘improved nutritional status of the population’ as its purpose, in a context where this may only be achieved on the condition
that a complementary water project achieves its specific objectives.
One of the assumptions behind the nutritional project therefore may be that this condition is met
Other examples are:
‘access to water will be guaranteed, assuming that there is no sabotage of the transmission line of the water system’,
other example
‘capacity in the region will be improved,
assuming that
the authorities continue to participate in training’,
other example
‘a system can be built in a specific area, assuming that access to the area is guaranteed’.
There are different levels of assumption depending on
Their relevance to the project.
If an assumption for success is unlikely
Then the project should be redesigned
If it is sure, or almost sure,that it will occur,
Then it is not necessary to include it in the logical framework
Preconditions
Preconditions
A precondition is a
condition that must be satisfied before the project starts
Examples OF Preconditions
‘an end to the conflict allows access to the area’
Examples of Preconditions
‘communities agree to participate
in activity implementation’
Examples of Preconditions
‘local authorities respect signed agreements and agree to collaborate’
