3.2 Urbanisation Is A Result Of Socio Economic Processes And Change

Question 1

Megacity

Answer 1

A city which has a population of over 10million. In 2014 there were 28 and by 2030 there will be 41. More than 2/3 of megacities in developing/emerging countries

Question 2

Alpha ++ and Alpha + cities

Answer 2

The two Alpha ++ cities (New York and London) and the Alpha + cities - Sydney, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing, Tokyo, Milan. Mainly in traditionally important cities but many in developing countries

Question 3

World city

Answer 3

A world city is a megacity that plays a bigger role in world affairs than their size suggests

Question 4

Role of world cities

Answer 4

Investment - London and New York financial sectors
Airline Traffic - 2014 London airports 120milliom
80% of largest companies headquarters in USA, EU and Japan

Question 5

Primate City

Answer 5

City that dominates the country it is in as it is very large and influences the economy:
Government and Headquarters are there
Most Transport there
People migrate to it
More investment

Question 6

Formal employment

Answer 6

Officially recognised and workers are protected by laws of the country.
Rules on how many hours people can work, age of workers and their health and safety
Workers pay tax to the government

Question 7

Informal employment

Answer 7

Unofficial, jobs are not taxed or regulated by government

Often long hours in dangerous conditions for little pay

Question 8

Primary sector

Answer 8

Involves collecting raw materials

Farming, fishing, mining and forestry

Question 9

Secondary sector

Answer 9

Involved turning a product into another product (manufacturing)
Making textiles, furniture, chemicals, steel and cars

Question 10

Tertiary sector

Answer 10

Involves providing a service

Financial services, nursing, retail, police, transport

Question 11

Quaternary sector

Answer 11

Information sector
Research and development where scientists and researchers investigate and develop new products
Electronics and IT, consulting

Question 12

Employment in Developed countries

Answer 12

Most work in formal sector

Few workers in informal sector

Question 13

Employment in emerging countries

Answer 13

Number of workers in informal sector is decreasing as country develops

Question 14

Employment in developing countries

Answer 14

Most workers in informal sector

Question 15

Economic sectors in developing country

Answer 15

Lots of people work in low skilled tertiary sector jobs - market stall
Few work in secondary sector as not enough money to invest in technology needed
Small percentage of people in high skilled tertiary jobs - government offices or IT

Question 16

Economic sectors in emerging countries

Answer 16

Employment in secondary sector is high, established industrial zones and good infrastructure
Lots of low skilled tertiary jobs - retail or tourism
More high skilled tertiary jobs as more money to spend on services - medicine or law
Some cities specialise in services - Hyderabad, India in IT development

Question 17

Economic sectors in developed countries

Answer 17

Fewer work in secondary sector than emerging countries
Most in tertiary sector because of a skilled and educated workforce high demand for banks and shops
Some employment in quaternary sector as lots of high skilled labour and money to invest in tech needed

Question 18

Working conditions in developing countries

Answer 18

Conditions poor
Pay low and hours long
Conditions can be dangerous

Question 19

Working conditions in emerging countries

Answer 19

Conditions are improved from developing

Workers rights increase

Question 20

Working conditions in developed countries

Answer 20

Conditions good
Pay high
Many rights and protected by law

Question 21

% of GDP from informal economy in Kampala

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

% of GDP from informal economy in New Delhi

Answer 22

50%

Question 23

% of GDP from informal economy in New York

Answer 23

7%

Question 24

What percentage of population of Kampala work in informal economy

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

What percentage of population of New Delhi work in informal economy

Answer 25

75%

Question 26

Why are some developed cities such as Hull and Detroit shrinking?

Answer 26

Because of a lack of jobs, previously more jobs now less

Question 27

Push and pull factors

Eg Kampala

Answer 27

Pull: better housing, better services, better jobs, more jobs, better quality of life

Push: no jobs, no services, droughts and flooding

Question 28

Why are some cities such as London and New York still growing?

Answer 28

Because of the huge number of skilled jobs in the area. However not enough skilled workers and better skilled workers in other countries so immigration