3.2 Monoclonal Antibodies Flashcards
Fab region of antibody
contains hypervariabe regions, can have limitless reconfigurations to bind to infinite Ag epitopes, tag individual cell populations to visualise
Fc region of antibody
crystanisable fragment interacts with Fc receptors on immune effector cells, flags, activates macrophages to phagocytose
methods of diagnostics with MAbs
light- phlorofores
enzymes- colour change
preg test- bHCG
why are hybridomas cultured in vitro?
so only hybridomas survive
naked MAbs, and their suffixes
murine- 0% human OMAB
chimeric- 65% human XIMAB
humanised- >90% human ZUMAB
fully human UMAB
less immunogenicity, i.e. less trigger of immune system so less Ab clearance, as they become more humanised
conjugated MAbs
naked MAb + linker and toxic compounds
-linker allows stability in circulation so acts for extended time
-cytotoxic compound induces apoptosis
bispecific MAbs
current use
2 arms of Fab region bind different targets e.g. target B cell, immune effector T cell
B cell lymphomas
potential mechanisms of MAbs action
-activate/inhibit cell sigballing
-induce cell death
-activate antibody dependent cell mediated toxicity, or complement dependent cytotoxicity
-internalisation
-block inhibition of T cells
lymphoma symptoms
nigh sweats
fevers
weight loss
maybe none
types of lymphoma
-follicular
-diffuse large B cell
treatment of lymphoma
chemo
radiotherapy
steroids
MAbs e.g. rituximab against CD20
stem cell transplant
targeted therapy
why’s rituximab so good?
against CD 20 which doesn’t internalise so stays on cell surface receptors. flags to immune cells via Fc region
how to do dosing for infusion related reactions
start slow infusion rate, increase to max tolerated rate
which meds should patients omit 12 hours before infusion?
anti HTN
premeds for infusion of MAbs
steroids
antihistamine
paracetamol
