[3.2] Materials in Clinical Laboratory Flashcards
A substance which something is made or can be made
Material
It is used for the reliable collection, separation, storage, and transport of blood.
Blood Bag
They are used to collect and separate the three different blood components (plasma, red cells, buffy coat).
Triple top and bottom blood bags
Each blood bag is composed of?
Anti-coagulant additive solution, primary bag, platelets transfer bag and donor needle gauge
It is a single-use, sterile, winged blood collection needle bonded to a flexible tubing with a lure connector. Used in phlebotomy procedures.
Blood Infusion Set
Blood Collection is done by __________
Blood transfusion is done by ___________
Medical Technologists
Nurses
What actions are necessary to do before blood transfusion?
Blood typing and Cross matching
It is used in forward blood typing procedures and blood banking
Blood Typing Sera
Type of blood typing sera:
Anti A:
Blue
Type of blood typing sera:
Anti B:
Yellow
Type of blood typing sera:
Anti D:
White
What are the two Blood Group System?
ABO Blood Group System and RH Blood Group System
Who developed the ABO Blood Group System?
Karl Landsteiner
Landsteiner Rule
- A person does not have an antibody to his own antigen
- Each personhadtheantibodytotheantigenthat he/she lacks
Where are the ABO Blood Group antigens located?
On the surface of the red blood cell (RBC)
Where are the ABO Blood Group antibodies located?
located in the plasma
It is used to collect samples of liquids, which
will flow up into the tubes against the effects of gravity in a process called capillary action.
Capillary Tube
It is used to puncture the skin, and blood will go through the capillary tube
Lancet Needle
Best site for skin puncture:
lateral or medial plantar surface of the heel, or third or fourth finger of the non-dominant hand
A counting-chamber device originally designed and
usually used for counting blood cells.
Hemocytometer
The manual method of counting blood cells for confirmatory testing
Hemocytometer
Specific mixtures of nutrients and other substances that support the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts and molds).
Culture Media/Growth Media
The standard equipment used for routine venipuncture. It consists of a needle syringe, a tube holder, and an air-evacuated tube
Evacuated Tube System
Type of Evacuated Tube that stores plasma (“unclotted” liquid portion of the blood)
Evacuated Tubes with Anticoagulant
Type of Evacuated Tube that stores clotted liquid portion of the blood
Evacuated Tubes with no Anticoagulant
A hollow needle commonly used with a syringe to
inject substances into the body or extract fluids from it
Hypodermic Needle and Syringe
The gauge number of the needle is __________ proportional with / or to the size of the bore (hole)
inversely
Needles with gauge numbers ranging from ______ are used for venipuncture; while needle with a ____ gauge number is used for pediatric patients
19-23
while
23
Used to enhance contrast in samples, generally at the microscopic level
Staining Dyes
What are the three types of stains? Differentiate each.
- Simple Stain- Only make us of a single stain
- Differential Stain- Used to differentiate and contrast specimen
- Special Stain- Used to stain specific part of the bacteria (e.g. flagella, spores, capsules) or specific parts of the body (e.g. collagen in calcium in tissues)
Used to differentiate gram-positive from gram
negative bacteria
Gram Stain
What are the four components of gram stain?
- Crystal Violet Stain
- Grams Iodine
- Alcohol
- Safranin
It has a thick layer of peptidoglycan/PTG
Gram Postive
It has a thin layer of PTG
Gram Negative
A device used to apply pressure to a limb or extremity
in order to limit—but not stop—the flow of blood
Tourniquet
A tourniquet should be _____wide and ______ long
1 in. wide and 18-20 in. long
A thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it. It is placed in the urine to detect abnormalities and check its chemical components
Urine Dipstick
11 Parameters
- pH level
- specific gravity
- protein
- glucose
- ketone
- blood
- bilirium
- Urobilinogen
- Nitrite
- Leukocyte/WBC
- Ascorbic Acid
Gives the relative percentage of each type of white
blood cell (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil,
lymphocytes, monocytes). Helps reveal abnormal white blood cell populations
Differential Blood Count / Coulter Counter
These needles are sued for both intravenous delivery
of fluids or drugs or for blood collection. Used for glutathione treatment; gauge: 25
Winged Infusion Set
List of Special Stains
Differentiate each.
▪ Van gieson: stains collagen
▪ Periodic acid schiff: stains glycogen
▪ Oil red o: stains fat lipids
▪ Lead method: stains 5 nucleotidase enzyme
▪ Felipe & Lake: stains acetylcholinesterase
▪ Methyl green pyronin: stains RNA and DNA
▪ Feulgen Stain: stains DNA
▪ Alkali Fast green: stains histones & protamine
▪ Perl’s Pression Blue: stains ferric iron
▪ Turnbull’s: stains ferrous iron
▪ Vonkossa: stains calcium
▪ Wadefite: stains legionella pneumophila
▪ Levaditi: stains Spirochetes
