[3.1] Equipment in Clinical Laboratory Flashcards
Set of articles or physical resources, serving to equip a person or thing
EQUIPMENT
A machine used to carry out industrial and scientific
processes requiring elevated temperature and
pressure in relation to ambient pressure/temperature
Autoclave
Work Principle of Autoclave
121 degrees Celsius at 15 lbs.
pressure for 15 to 30 mins
Types of Autoclaves
*Pressure Cooker Type
* Horizontal Autoclave
* Vertical Autoclave
* Common Laboratory Autoclave
* Large Automatic Hospital Autoclave
This type of Autoclave is used in surgical operations
Large Automatic Hospital Autoclave
A device that uses centrifugal force to separate
various components of a fluid
Clinical Centrifuge
Clinical Centrifuge is commonly used to separate ______ and _______ from
_____________, and in washing ____________.
Serum and Plasma
from Cellular components and in washing RBC
What are the different components of blood?
Plasma
Cellular Components
This is the liquid portion of blood and 55% of Total Blood Volume
Plasma
What are the Components of plasma?
▪ 91% water
▪ 7% blood proteins (fibrinogen, albumin,
globulin)
▪ 2% nutrients (amino acids, sugar, lipids),
hormones (erythropoietin, insulin, etc.),
electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.)
Which of the following contain antibodies?
A. Plasma
B. Serum
C. Both
C. BOTH, Plasma, and Serum contain antibodies.
It is 45% of Total Blood Volume
and composed of:
▪ Buffy Coat
▪ Red Blood Cells
Cellular Components
It is the white portion seen in between plasma and RBC
* Composed of the white blood cells (7000-
9000 per cubic mm of blood), and platelets
(250,000 per cubic mm of blood)
Buffy Coat
It is about 5,000,000 per cubic mm of blood
Red Blood Cells
Production of Blood Components
Erythropoiesis- RBC/ erythrocytes
Leukopoiesis- WBC/ leukocytes
Thrombopoiesis- platelets / thrombocytes
It uses multiple lenses to enlarge the image of a sample
Compound Microscope
What are the two separate lens systems of the compound microscope?
Objective and Eyepiece, the product of which produces the final magnification.
Components of objectives
* Scanner
magnification:
color:
magnification: 4x
color: red
Components of objectives
LPO – low power objective lens
magnification:
color:
magnification: 10x
color: yellow
Components of objectives
HPO – high power objective lens
magnification:
color:
magnification: 40x
color: blue
OIO - oil immersion objective lens
magnification:
color:
magnification: 100x
color: white/black
Eyepiece - magnification:
10x
Total Magnification=
magnification of objectives (x10)
It is used to adjust the lateral separation of the eyepieces for each individual.
When it is properly adjusted, the user should be able to focus both eyes comfortably on the specimen and visualize one clear image.
Interpupillary Control
It connects the eyepieces with the objective lens. The standard length is 160 mm, which, functionally, is the distance from the real image plane (eyepieces) to the objective lenses.
Optical Tube
This provides a structural site of attachment for the / holds the revolving nosepiece.
Neck / Arm
It is the main vertical support of the microscope.
The stage assembly, together with the condenser and base, is supported by the stand.
Stand
Holds the objectives and allows for easy rotation from one objective lens to another.
Revolving Nosepiece
Supports the prepared microscope slide.
Stage
Adjustments can be incorporated into one knob or can be two separate controls
Focus Controls / Adjustments
May be permanently mounted or vertically adjustable with a rack-and-pinion mechanism.
It gathers, organizes, and directs the light through the specimen.
Condenser
It is located under the stage, which moves it along an x- or a y-axis.
Stage Controls / Stage X-Y Adjustment Knobs
It is located below the condenser within the base.
and should always be open; when it is open, it allows a maximally sized circle of light to illuminate the slide.
Field Diaphragm
A laboratory equipment used to heat samples
Dry Bath
Electrical devices which use dry heat to sterilize
Hot Air Oven
Device used to grow and maintain microbiological
cultures or cell cultures
Incubator
A cutting tool used to produce extremely thin slices of material known as sections
MIcrotome
It is classified as a simple microtome
Rocking Microtome
Inventor of Rocking Microtome
Paldwell Trefall
It is the most common microtome
Rotary Microtome
Inventor of Rotary Microtome
Charles Minot
It is the most dangerous microtome
Sliding Microtome
Who developed the Sliding Microtome
Adams
It is used for undehydrated tissues in a frozen state
Freezing Microtome
Who developed the Freezing Microtome?
Queckett
An instrument that measure the amount oh photons
absorbed after it passes through sample solution
Spectrophotometer
What is the intensity of light absorbed after it
passes through a solution?
Photons
A laboratory equipment made from a container filled
with heated water. Used to incubate samples in water at a constant temperature over a long period of time
Water Bath
