3.2 Getting the most from Reactants Flashcards
3.2a- Factors influencing Industrial Process Design
Seven principles in designing a Chemical Process
- Feedstock Avaliability
- Feedstock cost
- Feedstock sustainability
- Recycling opportunities
- Energy requirements
- Marketability of byproducts
- Product yield (or atom economy)
3.2a- Factors influencing Industrial Process Design
Environmental considerations
- Minimizing Waste
- Avoiding use/ production of toxins
- Designing biodegradable products
- Legislation
- Safety
- Minimizing energy requirements
3.2a- Factors influencing Industrial Process Design
Define “Raw Material”
- Substance used in industrail process which occure naturally
- E.g Air, water, ores, fossil fuels
3.2a- Factors influencing Industrial Process Design
Define “Feedstock”
Chemical used to prepare other chemicals
3.2a- Factors influencing Industrial Process Design
Batch process
* Advantages
* Disadvantages
* Examples
- More cost effective for small quantities
- Filling & emptying = timeconsuming with no production in ‘downtime’
- Drug development & whiskey production
3.2a- Factors influencing Industrial Process Design
Continuous process
* Advantages
* Disadavantages
* Examples
- Process easier to automate, reducing labour costs
- Contamination risk high if plant used to make other stuff
- Making plastics & blast furnace operation
3.2b- Calculation of Mass
Balance
H2+O2→ H2O
2H2 + O2 →H2O
3.2c- Calculations involving Solutions
n=
* Solid/gas
* Solutions
- n=m*GFM
- n= C*V
3.2d- Excess
Define “Limiting reactant”
Reactant which runs out & limits product formable
3.2d- Excess
Define “Excess reactant”
Reactant left over after all of the limiting reactant has been used up
3.2d- Excess
Which reactant should be used to calculate Mass of Products?
Limiting Reactant
3.3e- Molar Volume
What volume do 1 mole of all gases share at the same temperature & pressure
24 Liters
3.3f- Molar Volume
% Yield equation
%Yield = (actual/theoretical)×100
3.2f- Percentage Yield & Atom Economy
Atom Economy equation
AE= (mass of desired products/ total mass of reactants) × 100
