3.2: Animal studies of attachment

Question 1

Outline the procedure used in one study of animal attachment (4 marks)

Answer 1

Lorenz split a large clutch of goose eggs into 2 batches, one which hatched naturally by the mother and the other hatched in an incubator

Question 2

Outline the procedure used in one study of animal attachment (4 marks).
Lorenz split a large clutch of goose eggs into 2 batches, one which hatched naturally by the mother and the other hatched in an incubator, with Lorenz making sure what?

Answer 2

Lorenz split a large clutch of goose eggs into 2 batches, one which hatched naturally by the mother and the other hatched in an incubator, with Lorenz making sure that he was the first moving object that the newly hatched goslings encountered

Question 3

Outline the procedure used in one study of animal attachment (4 marks).
Lorenz split a large clutch of goose eggs into 2 batches, one which hatched naturally by the mother and the other hatched in an incubator, with Lorenz making sure that he was the first moving object that the newly hatched goslings encountered.
Why did Lorenz mark the goslings?

Answer 3

Lorenz marked the goslings, so that he could determine whether they were from the naturally hatched or incubated ones

Question 4

Outline the procedure used in one study of animal attachment (4 marks).
Lorenz split a large clutch of goose eggs into 2 batches, one which hatched naturally by the mother and the other hatched in an incubator, with Lorenz making sure that he was the first moving object that the newly hatched goslings encountered.
Lorenz marked the goslings, so that he could determine whether they were from the naturally hatched or incubated ones.
What did he then do?

Answer 4

He then placed them all in an upturned box

Question 5

Outline the procedure used in one study of animal attachment (4 marks).
Lorenz split a large clutch of goose eggs into 2 batches, one which hatched naturally by the mother and the other hatched in an incubator, with Lorenz making sure that he was the first moving object that the newly hatched goslings encountered.
Lorenz marked the goslings, so that he could determine whether they were from the naturally hatched or incubated ones.
He then placed them all in an upturned box, then what?

Answer 5

He then placed them all in an upturned box, then removed them and recorded their behaviour

Question 6

Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans (4 marks)

Answer 6

The studies lack generalisability to humans

Question 7

Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans (4 marks).
The studies lack generalisability to humans.
Why is this?

Answer 7

This is because the samples used, for example birds (geese) in Lorenz’s study, are not representative of humans

Question 8

Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans (4 marks).
The studies lack generalisability to humans.
This is because the samples used, for example birds (geese) in Lorenz’s study, are not representative of humans.
What in particular might be different?

Answer 8

The attachment systems in mammals and humans in particular might be different

Question 9

Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans (4 marks).
The studies lack generalisability to humans.
This is because the samples used, for example birds (geese) in Lorenz’s study, are not representative of humans.
The attachment systems in mammals and humans in particular might be different.
Example

Answer 9

For example, mammals show more emotional attachment than birds

Question 10

Briefly discuss one limitation of using animals to study attachment in humans (4 marks).
The studies lack generalisability to humans.
This is because the samples used, for example birds (geese) in Lorenz’s study, are not representative of humans.
The attachment systems in mammals and humans in particular might be different.
For example, mammals show more emotional attachment than birds, therefore what?

Answer 10

For example, mammals show more emotional attachment than birds, therefore it is not appropriate to generalise the findings of animal studies of attachment to humans

Question 11

Briefly outline the findings of one animal study of attachment and explain one criticism of the study (4 marks)

Answer 11

Lorenz found that greylag geese imprinted on the first thing they saw

Question 12

Briefly outline the findings of one animal study of attachment and explain one criticism of the study (4 marks).
Lorenz found that greylag geese imprinted on the first thing they saw.
One criticism of the study is that there are problems of what?

Answer 12

One criticism of the study is that there are problems of extrapolation to attachment in human infants

Question 13

Briefly outline the findings of one animal study of attachment and explain one criticism of the study (4 marks).
Lorenz found that greylag geese imprinted on the first thing they saw.
One criticism of the study is that there are problems of extrapolation to attachment in human infants - what?

Answer 13

One criticism of the study is that there are problems of extrapolation to attachment in human infants – what applies to non-human species may not also apply to human infants

Question 14

Briefly outline the findings of one animal study of attachment and explain one criticism of the study (4 marks).
Lorenz found that greylag geese imprinted on the first thing they saw.
One criticism of the study is that there are problems of extrapolation to attachment in human infants – what applies to non-human species may not also apply to human infants, why?

Answer 14

One criticism of the study is that there are problems of extrapolation to attachment in human infants – what applies to non-human species may not also apply to human infants, as there is also a difference in the nature and complexity of the bond