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Portage Learning Module 3 Digestive System > 3.2 Anatomy of Mouth, Pharynx & Esophagus > Flashcards

3.2 Anatomy of Mouth, Pharynx & Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth composed of what?

A
  1. Lips (opening)
  2. Tongue (floor)
  3. Cheeks (the walls)
  4. Hard/Soft Palate (roof)
  5. Uvula (posterior border)
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2
Q

Uvula

A

Process that hangs inferiorly to it’s attachment to the soft palate

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3
Q

Tongue

A

A muscle that is attached to other structures so that it can contract for movement

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4
Q

What is the tongue attached to?

A
  1. Hyoid bone
  2. Mandible
  3. Lingual Frenulum
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5
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A
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6
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7
Q

Lingual Frenulum

A

Vertical mucous membrane where the body of the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth

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8
Q

Mastication

A

The main job of the mouth, to break down food into smaller pieces, moisten it with saliva and move it back into the pharynx to be swallowed.

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9
Q

Salivary glands contains enzymes called?

A

Amylase - that begin chemical digestion by breaking down starches

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10
Q

What glands have enzymes to help break apart food?

A
  1. Parotid glands
  2. Submandibular glands
  3. Sublingual glands
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11
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13
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14
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15
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16
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw portion, lower arch of teeth

17
Q

Maxilla

A

Upper jaw, upper arch of the teeth

18
Q

One half of each jaw has what teeth and what are they used for?

A
  1. Two incisors (r or l central insisor, lateral incisor) - chisel shape for biting
  2. Canine (cuspid) - pointy for tearing
  3. Two Premolars (bicuspid) - flattened for grinding
  4. Three Molars - flat for crushing
19
Q

3 main parts of a tooth?

A
  1. The crown
  2. Neck
  3. Root
20
Q

Describe the Root

A

The largest portion of the tooth, located within the alveolar process of the jaw bone

21
Q

Describe the Neck

A

Located within the upper portion of the gums (gingiva).

22
Q

Describe the crown

A

The visible portion of the tooth and lies above the gun line.

23
Q

Describe pulp cavity

A

Lies at the center of each tooth, contains nerves and blood vessels . Nerves allow for cold, hot & pain sensations.

24
Q

Describe Dentin

A

A bone-like substance composing most of each tooth.

25
Q

Describe Enamel

A

Located on the surface of the tooth. Very hard connective tissue that protects the rest of the tooth.

26
Q

Describe the tongue

A

Grips food and constantly repositions it between the teeth, forming a compact mass called a BOLUS.

Tongue pushes bolus back to pharynx to start swallowing.

27
Q

What is Papillae

A

Raised bumps on the tongue

28
Q

3 types of Papillae

A
  1. Circumvallate
  2. Fungiforn
  3. Filiform

Circumvallate/Fungiform contain taste buds.

29
Q

What are taste buds?

A

Chemical receptors that are stimulated by chemical composition of food. Found on the tongue, surface of the mouth and walls of the pharynx.

30
Q
A
31
Q

What is Pharynx (Throat) and what is it made up of?

A

Connects the mouth to the esophagus
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

32
Q

What type of layers does the Pharynx have?

A

Two types of skeletal muscles:

  1. Circumferential (Outer Layer)
  2. Longitudinal (Inner Layer)

*they contract alternating causing peristalsis which squeezes food into the esophagus.

33
Q

What is the Epiglottis

A

Flap of elastic cartilage that covers the larynx when swallowing food to prevent aspiration.

34
Q

What is Aspiration

A

When good or liquid enter the lungs. Can cause pneumonia.

35
Q

What is the Esophagus?

A

Extends from the pharynx to the stomach, traveling through an opening in the diaphragm on its way to the stomach. It is a muscular tube containing four layers of tissue in the same type found in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine.

36
Q

What is mucosa?

A

The first or outermost layer of the esophagus, which secretes mucus into the interior of the gastrointestinal track. 

37
Q

What is submucosa?

A

The second layer of the esophagus. This layer contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves and mucous glands.

38
Q

What is muscularis externa?

A

The third layer of the esophagus. Made of two layers of muscle (the outer longitudinal fibers, and the inner circumferential fibers).

39
Q

What is Serosa?

A

The fourth and outer most layer of the esophagus. Made up of cells that make serous fluid. 

Portage Learning Module 3 Digestive System (4 decks)

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