3.2 Flashcards
Oxygen
a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.
Cellular respiration
the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.
Glucose
a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar
Carbon dioxide
a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide.
Respiratory system
the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide
Trachea
narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves
Bronchi
the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system. Singular = bronchus.
Bronchioles
small branching tubes in the lungs leading from the two larger bronchi to the alveoli
Alveoli
tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes. Oxygen moves from alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels, in exchange for carbon dioxide.
Circulatory System
the body system that circulates oxygen in blood to all the cells of the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood.
Arteries
hollow tubes (vessels) with thick walls carrying blood pumped from the heart to other body parts
Capillaries
minute tubes carrying blood to body cells. Every cell of the body is supplied with blood through capillaries.
Red Blood Cells
living cells in the blood that transport oxygen to all other living cells in the body. Oxygen is carried by the red pigment haemoglobin.
Erythrocytes
red blood cells
Haemoglobin
the red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen
Pulmonary vein
the vessel through which oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the heart
Left atrium
upper left section of the heart where oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart
Heart
a muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system so that oxygen and nutrients can be transported to the body’s cells and wastes can be transported away
Left ventricle
lower left section of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
Aorta
a large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of your heart to your body
Arterioles
vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillaries
Deoxygenated blood
blood from which some oxygen has been removed
Venules
small veins
Vena Cava
large vein leading into the top right chamber of the heart
Right atrium
upper right section of the heart where deoxygenated blood from the body enters
Right ventricle
lower right section of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
the vessel through which deoxygenated blood, carrying wastes from respiration, travels from the heart to the lungs
