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Vocabulary > 3.2-3 Parts 1-3 > Flashcards

3.2-3 Parts 1-3 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Charles Darwin born?

A

Charles Darwin is born on Feb. 12, 1809

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2
Q

Where was Charles Darwin born?

A

Shrewsbury, England

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3
Q

Darwin attended __________ __ ___________ at age of __ to become a __________ (Like his father and grandfather.)

A

University of Edinburgh; 16; doctor

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4
Q

Darwin has graduated college on __________ ______ _______ .

A

December 1831.

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5
Q

Instead of entering the seminary, who does Darwin join on the on the ___ ___________ as the doctor and naturalist of the ship.

A

He joins Captain Robert Fitzroy; H.M.S Beagle

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6
Q

Why were all ships at this time were required to have a naturalist onboard?

A

In case a new species was found

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7
Q

When does Darwin return from his journey? (Hint: This journey takes him around the world in five years).

A

He returns in 1836.

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8
Q

Darwin collects what three things at every stop on this journey and sends them back to England?

A

Plants
Animals
Fossils

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9
Q

When did Darwin begin working on a manuscript on his Theory of Natural Selection?When did he complete it?

A

In London 1840 and completed it in 1844.

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10
Q

When was the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection published?

A

On November 24, 1859

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11
Q

What is used throughout the book instead of evolution?

A

”Descent with Modification” is used instead of the word “evolution.”

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12
Q

What does ”evolve” mean?

A

To change over time.

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13
Q

This book deals with the biodiversity seen on Earth. It has three main themes. What are they?

A

The similarities and differences that exists among species.
The adaptations that evolved in species in order to survive in an environment.
The geographic distribution of species around the world.

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14
Q

Supporting evidence for Common Ancestry among organisms includes:

A 
Homologous Structures (Darwin wrote about these in his book.)
Embryological Homologies are seen as common stages of development that embryos go through. (Darwin wrote about these in his book too.)
Molecular Homologies (Darwin couldn't write about these since they hadn't been discovered yet).
All these homologies parallel the classification taxon levels.
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15
Q

Name 3 Homologous (means “same’) Structures :

A

Examples include skeletal structure, limb structure, or cephalization. (Darwin wrote about these in his book.)

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16
Q

What are seen as common stages of development that embryos go through? (Hint: Darwin wrote about these in his book too.)

A

Embryological Homologies

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17
Q

Refers to DNA nucleotide sequences being exact in order and function. (Darwin could not write about these, as they had not been discovered yet.)

A

Molecular Homologies

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18
Q

All these homologies parallel the what?

A

classification taxon levels

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19
Q

This theory states that in nature there are different levels of success in reproduction based on the ability to survive in a specific environment.

A

Theory of Natural Selection

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20
Q

Who proposed a similar theory of evolution in 1809 (the year that Darwin is born) that stated that evolution needed long periods of time to occur?

A

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744 – 1829)

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21
Q

What is his theory is called?

A

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

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22
Q

His theory is called Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics by what means? of use versus disuse (This will become referred to as Lamarckian Evolution).

A

By the means of use versus disuse (This will become referred to as Lamarckian Evolution).

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23
Q

Lamarck’s theory stated:

A

If an organism uses a body part routinely it must be of importance and therefore that body part will be passed on to the next generation.
AND
If an organism does not use a body part, it will disappear over time because it must not be
important.

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24
Q

This is the part he got wrong… If it were true, what would happen?

A

the children of body builders would be born with massive muscles, but that is not the case. Also if someone lost a leg, their children should be missing that leg when born, as it was not being “used.”

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25
Q

The change must occur where for it to be passed on to the next generation?

A

In the DNA of a sperm or egg [gametes]

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26
Q

Lamarck also makes no mention of what?

A

The environment’s role in evolution.

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27
Q

This is where man selects what traits are desirable (beneficial) in a species.

A

Artificial Selection

28
Q

How do we select the most desirable Plants?

A

The ones that make the best (most desired) or most amount of fruit
The ones that are the most appealing in the yard or garden.

29
Q

How do we select the most desirable domestic animals?

A

The ones that are the most valuable in terms of food or other characteristics.

30
Q

Man can “erase” what nature took thousands of years to “create” by doing what?

A

Controlling, which organisms get to reproduce, and which do not.

31
Q

Artificial Selection is or is not always the best outcome for an environment.

A

This is not always the best outcome for an environment.

32
Q

What was James Hutton (1726 – 1797)?

A

He was a Geologist.

33
Q

What is a geologist?

A

This is someone who studies rocks and earth’s processes.

34
Q

Who proposed the Theory of Gradualism?

A

James Hutton (1726-1797)

35
Q

What does the Theory of Gradualism try to explain?

A

This theory tries to explain that that the earth must be very, very old because in order for some processes to occur, such as mountain formation or canyon formation, it would require enormous amounts of time.

36
Q

According to this theory, ________________________.

A

Earth must be very old.

37
Q

Why is this very important to Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection?

A

Because the theory of gradualism supports the time frame needed for Natural Selection to transform species over generations.

38
Q

What was Georges Cuvier (1769 – 1832)?

A

He was a Famous Paleontologist.

39
Q

What is a paleontologist?

A

This is someone who studies fossils.

40
Q

What does “paleo” mean?

A

“paleo” means “old”

41
Q

What does ”onto” mean?

A

“onto” means “bones”

42
Q

Who proposed the Theory of Catastrophism?

A

Georges Cuvier (1769 – 1832)

43
Q

What does this theory try to explain?(the Theory of Catastrophism)

A

This theory tries to explain why organisms seem to suddenly disappear from existence on earth, such as the extinction of the dinosaurs. Some catastrophic event must have occurred to cause their sudden extinction to occur.

44
Q

What was Charles Lyell (1797 – 1875)?

A

He was also a Geologist.

45
Q

He wrote a book titled what?

A

Principles of Geology. (Darwin took this book on the Beagle voyage.)

46
Q

In the book, Lyell proposed the Theory of what? (“The key to the past is the present”.)

A

Theory of Uniformitarianism.

47
Q

What does the Theory of uniformitarianism try to explain?

A

The theory tries to explain that the same geologic processes that are occurring today, also occurred in the past. Processes such as erosion or earthquakes.

48
Q

What processes helped to create, over millions of years, the geologic formations we see today?

A

Geologic processes.

49
Q

For example, erosion, over millions of years and still today, led to the formation of what?

A

The Grand Canyon.

50
Q

For this theory earth must be….?

A

For this theory, Earth must be hundreds of millions of years old.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

51
Q

Where are fossils found?

A

Sedimentary rock, Ice, and plant sap (Amber)

52
Q

What are the two ways we date fossils?

A

Absolute “Radiometric” dating

Relative dating

53
Q

What is Radiometric dating?

A

Radioactive isotopes and uses the half life of radioactive elements that accumulate in an organism over time.

54
Q

What is Relative dating?

A

Different strata of rock to establish time.

And index fossils to establish time

55
Q

Name the 4 eras

A

Precambrian era
Paleozoic era
Mesozoic era
Cenozoic era

56
Q

What happened in the Precambrian era?

A

Earth formed

57
Q

What happened in the Paleozoic era?

A

It was the age of fish

58
Q

What happened in the Mesozoic era?

A

The age of reptiles (dinosaurs)

59
Q

What happened in the Cenozoic era?

A

Age of mammals (RIGHT NOW)

60
Q

Homologous structures

A

Body structures that are SIMILAR in structure to other species.

61
Q

Analogous structures

A

Body structures that have the same FUNCTION

62
Q

Give an example of analogous structures

A

A bat wing & an insect wing cuz they both produce FLIGHT

63
Q

Embryological Homologies

A

Common stages of development that embryos go through.

64
Q

Molecular Homologies

A

Refers to DNA nucleotide sequences being exact in order and function.

65
Q

The word “evolution” is only used once in the whole book. Where in the book was it used?

A

In the last word of the whole book.

Vocabulary (9 decks)

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