3.1c Scientific ethics

Question 1

Integrity and honesty

Answer 1

While judgements and interpretations of scientific evidence may be disputed, integrity and honesty are of key importance in science. The replication of experiments by others reduces the opportunity for dishonesty or the deliberate misuse of science.

Unbiased presentation of results, citing and providing references, avoiding plagiarism.

Question 2

Ethics

Answer 2

Ideas and beliefs about what type of behaviour is morally right and wrong.

Question 3

Animal studies

Answer 3

Animals are used in biological studies. Scientists have a duty to ensure animal suffering is kept to a minimum. They do this by adhering to the 3R’s

Question 4

Replacement

Answer 4

Replacing the animal with an alternative such as tissue cultures or a less sentient species.

Question 5

Reduction

Answer 5

Using the minimum number of animals in order to obtain robust results.

Question 6

Refinement

Answer 6

Using methods that minimise potential pain, suffering, or distress on the animals.

Question 7

What must be adhered to for humans studies?

Answer 7

Human subjects there are several concepts that must be used to ensure human rights are adhered to, through informed consent, the right to withdraw and confidentiality.

Question 8

Informed consent

Answer 8

The participant is fully aware of the treatment they will be subjected to and is happy to participate.

Question 9

The right to withdraw

Answer 9

The participant has the ability to remove themselves from a trial at any time during the study.

Question 10

Confidentiality

Answer 10

Any data collected does not identify the subject and they can remain anonymous. Also the data is not shred without their consent.

Question 11

Scientific research on living organisms

Answer 11

Any scientific research on living organisms should be justified and any risks in completing the research should be assessed. This includes taking into account the risk to and safety of subject species, individuals, investigators and the environment must be taken to account.

Question 12

Regulation

Answer 12

As a result of the risks involved, many areas of scientific research are highly regulated and licensed by governments.

Question 13

Legislation

Answer 13

Legislation are laws governing various aspects of science. It limits the potential for the misuse of studies and data.

Question 14

Legislation, regulation, policy, funding

Answer 14

Legislation, regulation, policy, funding can all influence scientific research.