318 Final Flashcards
What is the sequence of steps for correct evidence based practice
Ask, gather, assess and appraise, act, evaluate
What steps are included in quality improvement
-Conduct an assessment
-Setting specific goals for improvement
-Identify ideas for changing current practice .
-decide how improvement will be measured.
-rapidly testing practice changes
-measuring improvements
-adopting the practice as new standard of care.
Where in the research article is the reader most likely to find the study purpose
Introduction
In research study, factors such as age, weight, race and or height are examples of what
Variables
What info is typically found in an abstract
Study purpose
Methods /design
Data analysis/results
Recommendations
Introduction
What is defined as the systematic use of data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and the use of improvement methods to design and test changes in practice for the purpose of continuously improving the quality and safety of healthcare systems?
QI
What is the process of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of a research article for scientific merit and application to practice, theory, or education
Critical appraisal
What type of review includes studies that support the authors perspective and provide a broad background discussion in a focused area of interest without the systematic approach of searching for and appraising papers.
Narrative review.
What are critical areas that the nurse researcher should assess when evaluating clinical practice guidelines
Endorsement of the guideline
Types of evidence
Search terms and retrieval methods
Comprehensive reference list
Review of guideline by experts
What type of review is most likely to sacrifice rigor
Rapid review
And
Integrative review
What is the most important question to ask when completing a critical appraisal of a systematic review
Does the PICO question match the studies included in the review.
What are the types of clinical practice guidelines
Expert and evidence
If participants in a research study have similar extraneous variables, they are called a:
Homogenous sample
The critical component of ______in data collection refers to ensuring the environment conditions, timing of data collection, data collection instruments,and data collection procedures are all the same for each participant.
Constancy
A single research study combining the use of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in is considered
Mixed methods
What effect is present when the participants behavior is modified because of their awareness of being observed
Reactive (Hawthorne) effect
What are threats to internal validity?
History
Maturation
Mortality
What describes the ability to generalize the findings outside the study to other populations and environment?
External validity
Where in a research article would threats to validity be most likely discussed
Limitations
What considerations must be made in determining the feasibility of a research question
Subject availability
Facility and equipment availability
Money
Ethics
Time
What form of control in quantitative methodology dictates that each potential participant has an equal chance of being assigned to a treatment group
Randomization
What factor asks whether the independent variable, and not another factor, truly made the difference or the change in the dependent variable
Internal validity
When critiquing quantitative designs, the primary focus is to what extent the experiment treatment, or________, cause the desired effect on the outcome, or________.
Independent variable, dependent variable
What type of nonexperimental design studies the relationship between two or more variables but not whether in variable causes another variable
Correlation
What kind of design is a non equivalent control group study
Quasi-experimental
What are the three types of experimental designs
RCT
Solomon four group
After only desigb
A time series design is what kind
Quasi-experimental
What kind of design is a one group (pretext-posttest)
Quasiexperimental
What are the types of survey designs
Descriptive
Exploratory
Comparative
Experimental studies provide the best evidence in support of a causal relationship because of what 3 things
The variables are associated with each other
The independent variable chronologically precedes the dependent variable
The relationship cannot be explained by the presence of a third variable
What is another name for an ex post facto study
Case control study or retrospective study
What are cohort studies also known as
Prospective or longitudinal studies.
Which 3 elements are required for experimental design
Randomization
Control
Manipulation
Why are quasi experimental designs not true experiments
They lack randomization or the use of a control group.
