Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fall > 314 Electrolytes > Flashcards

314 Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What diagnosis tools are used for electrolyte imbalances

A

CMP-complete metabolic panel
BMP- basic Metabolic panel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are aging adults at higher risk for electrolyte imbalances

A

Impaired thirst response
Renal disease
Impaired mobility
Polypharmacy
Increased laxative use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main extra cellular fluid cation?

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What electrolyte plays a major role in ECF volume and concentration?

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What electrolyte plays a major role in generating and transmitting nerve impulses

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What electrolyte plays a major role in muscle contractility

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What electrolyte plays a major role in regulating acid base balance

A

Sodium
Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Euvolemia = ?
Hypovolemia =?
Hypervolemia =?

A

Normal hydration
Low blood volume
High blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sodium level of under 135 is what

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cellular swelling and slow depolarization of membranes are physiological changes caused from what

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Symptoms of HA, irritability, difficult concentrating can be mild presentation of hyponatremia. What are the severe symptoms.

A

Neurological-confusion
Vomiting, seizures, coma, respiratory distress, decreased dtr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If hyponatremia is present would you be hypovolemic or hypervolemic?

A

Can be either depending on fluid volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sodium replacement should be quick or slow?

A

Slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sodium levels of over 145 is what

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diabetes insipidus can be a cause of what sodium imbalance

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glucocorticoid medications can be a cause of what electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Presentation of thirst, dry mucous membranes, neurological issues such as restless, twitching, irritability, respiratory compromise, seizures or comas can mean what electrolyte imbalance?

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For a patient with dehydration and hypernatremia, how do you treat?

A

Monitor LOC
Replace with non-saline isotonic fluids
Encourage water intake
Low sodium diet,
Monitor weight

If client has poor kidney excretion- diuretics might be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a major cation in the ICF which levels are mostly controlled by the kidneys

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What electrolyte plays a role in cell metabolism

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What electrolyte plays a role in cell Transmission of nerve impulses

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What electrolyte plays a role in cardiac function

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What electrolyte plays a role in muscle tissue

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If a patient has potassium of under 3.5 it is what

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Overuse of diuretics, kidney disease, and GI losses are causes of what

A

Hypokalemia

26
Q

Relative potassium deficits are caused from what?

A

Alkalosis
Hyperinsulinemia
TPN (total parenteral nutrition)
Water Intoxication

27
Q

Hypomagnesemia often occurs in conjunction with what other electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypokalemia

28
Q

Vitals of decreased BP, weak threads pulse, orthostatic hypotension, altered mental state , lethargy or anxiety, hypoactive bowel sounds, weakness and shallow breathing could be a presentation of what electrolyte imbalance?

A

Hypokalemia

29
Q

If a hypokalemic patient was put on an ECG monitor. What could be shown?

A

Flat T-wave
Prominent U-wave
ST depression
Prolonged PR

30
Q

How to treat hypokalemia

A

Encourage foods high in potassium
Give IV potassium (never bolus!!!)
SLOW - never more than 10mEq/h
Monitor cardiac rhythms
Monitor bowel sounds
Educate patient
-diuretic use

31
Q

Potassium levels of over 5.0 is what

A

Hyperkalemia

32
Q

ACE inhibitors, salt substitutes, and kidney failure can all cause what?

A

Hyperkalemia

33
Q

Acidosis, or tissue damage (from trauma, sepsis, burns..) can be a relative cause of what

A

Hyperkalemia

34
Q

Hyperkalemia increases the risk of what?

A

Cardiac arrest

35
Q

ECG presentation of tall peaked T-waves, wide QRS, and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can be a presentation of what electrolyte imbalance

A

Hyperkalemia

36
Q

Hyperkalemia vitals would show what

A

Slow irregular pulse.
Hypotension

37
Q

Hyperkalemia would present how in the gastrointestinal system

A

Diarrhea! Increased movement and sounds

38
Q

Hyperkalemia presents how with neuromuscular system

A

Restless and irritable, weakness, paralysis, parenthesias

39
Q

How to treat hyperkalemia

A

Monitor cardiac rhythm
Avoid potassium foods
Diuretics
Medications that bind k in GI
severe tx:
IV insulin and dextrose
Calcium gluconate (protects heart)
Dialysis

40
Q

What electrolyte is important for cell function, intracellular signaling and nerve conduction, and blood coagulation?

A

Calcium

41
Q

Calcium balance is regulated by what

A

PTH and calcitonin

42
Q

Thyroidectomy, hypoparathyroidism, and pancreatitis can cause what electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypocalcemia

43
Q

Hyperphosphatemia, vit D deficiency, plasmapheresis can cause what electrolyte imbalance?

A

Hypocalcemia

44
Q

What medications can cause Hypocalcemia

A

Diuretics
Corticosteroids
Phosphates

45
Q

Paresthesias of the finger and lips, positive chvosteks sign, muscle spasms are presentations of what electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypocalcemia

46
Q

What cardiac presentations would you see with Hypocalcemia

A

Prolonged ST and QT
Risk of decreased heart rate and hypotension

47
Q

What happens to the gastrointestinal system with Hypocalcemia

A

Hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea, abdominal cramps

48
Q

How to treat Hypocalcemia

A

Replace with calcium supplement
Vit d supplements
High calcium foods

If severe
-seizure precautions
- Iv calcium gluconate

49
Q

Long term consequences of low calcium

A

Depression
Anxiety
Osteoporosis

50
Q

What is some client education for Hypocalcemia

A

Supplementation
And calcium replacement

51
Q

Hypercalcemia levels are what?

A

Over 10.3

52
Q

Hyperparathyroidism or malignancy can cause what electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypercalcemia

53
Q

Chronic Hypercalcemia can lead to what issues

A

Bone loss, osteoporosis, renal calculi

54
Q

Severe Hypercalcemia levels of 14 and 15 would present as how

A

Encephalitis at 14
Life threatening at 15

55
Q

Normal Magnesium levels

A

1.3-2.1

56
Q

Excessive alcohol use can lead to what electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypomagnesemia

57
Q

Celiacs and Crohn’s disease can cause what electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypomagnesemia

58
Q

Hyperactive DTRs, paresthesias, muscle tetany, seizures, and positive chvosteks sign and delirium are presentation’s of what electrolyte imbalance

A

Hypomagnesemia

59
Q

Hypomagnesemia presents how with cardiac system?

A

Dyrhythmias esp in myocardial infarction

60
Q

How would Hypomagnesemia effect the gastrointestinal system

A

Hypoactive bowel sounds with constipation, paralytic ileus, abdominal distention.

Fall (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions