3.1.6 ATP

Question 1

(ATP) What does ‘ATP’ stand for?

Answer 1

Adenosine triphosphate.

Question 2

(ATP) What is a single molecule of ATP?

Answer 2

A nucleotide derivative.

Question 3

(ATP) What is ATP formed from?

Answer 3

One adenine base, a ribose (5C) sugar and three phosphate groups.

Question 4

(ATP) Fill in the gaps: Aerobic respiration - ___ ________ catalyses a ____________ reaction between ADP + inorganic phosphate.

Answer 4

ATP synthase
Condensation

Question 5

(ATP) What is the basic role of ATP? (4)

Answer 5

Immediate source of energy.

Small, manageable quantities of energy are released when ATP is hydrolysed.

Hydrolysis of ATP is a single, one-step reaction so energy release is very rapid.

ATP cannot be stored so it is constantly being re-generated (ATP cycle).

Question 6

(ATP) Does having more active cells mean that the ATP cycle is faster or slower?

Answer 6

Faster.

Question 7

(ATP) What are the 4 biological uses of ATP?

Answer 7

• Active transport
• Muscle contraction
• Activating chemistry through phosphorylation
• Synthesis of polymers e.g. DNA, RNA, protein synthesis

Question 8

(ATP) What is the chemical equation of the hydrolysis of ATP.

Answer 8

ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi

Question 9

(ATP) Why is ATP referred to as the ‘universal currency of energy’? (3)

Answer 9

ATP is used by ALL cells in ALL living organisms.

It is used to drive processes that require an input of energy (endergonic).

All organisms must convert their source of energy (e.g. carbohydrates) into ATP.

Question 10

(ATP) What is meant by ATP having a ‘low activation energy’, and what is it an example of?

Answer 10

Only a little energy is need to hydrolyse ATP’s 3rd ester bond. But then…A lot of energy is released.
Example of an endergonic (energy out) reaction.

Question 11

(ATP) Name 3 ways in which ATP is synthesised in biology.

Answer 11

Photophosphorylation (part of the light dependent reaction on thylakoids)

Oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic respiration on the mitochondrial cristae)

Substrate level phosphorylation (enzyme action)

Question 12

(ATP) List 5 uses for ATP in cells.

Answer 12

Anabolism – synthesis of complex molecules e.g. protein synthesis, DNA replication

Active transport – forced movement of charged ions across a membrane e.g. nerves

Muscle contraction (myosin pulling against actin filaments)

Maintaining body temperature (ATPase hydrolyses ATP releasing heat energy)

Activating biochemistry through phosphorylation e.g. glycolysis

Question 13

(ATP) Hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate group (Pi) is catalysed by what enzyme?

Answer 13

ATP hydrolase.

Question 14

(ATP) ATP is resynthesised by what?

Answer 14

The concentration reaction of ADP and Pi.

Question 15

(ATP) What is the equation for the resynthesise of ATP?

Answer 15

ADP + Pi = ATP + H2O

Question 16

(ATP) The reaction for the resynthesise of ATP is catalysed by what enzyme?

Answer 16

ATP synthase.

Question 17

(ATP) The reaction for the resynthesise of ATP is catalysed by ATP synthase, during what 2 processes?

Answer 17

Photosynthesis and respiration.