3.1.6 ATP Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure of ATP?

A

See card

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2
Q

What is the process of breaking up ATP?

A

ATP = ADP + Pi

Hydrolysis reaction via ATP hydrolase (an enzyme)

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3
Q

What is Pi?

A

A phosphate group

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4
Q

Why does the breakdown of ATP release so much energy?

A

The bonds are broken which requires very little energy
The bonds formed between H20 and the two phosphate groups releases large amounts of energy
H goes to the larger molecule and OH goes to the phophate that is leaving ADP
Therefore the net release of energy is large

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5
Q

What happens to the phosphate that leaves the ADP molecule?

A

It can make up the cell membrane as a phospholipid
It can form a nucleotide by joining a base and a sugar
A phosphate joining something ‘phosphorylates’

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6
Q

What organelles produce ATP?

A

Mitochondria in animals

Chloroplasts in plants

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7
Q

What requires ATP?

A

Anything active in a cell needs ATP for energy

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8
Q

What is the difference between ATP and glucose?

A

ATP releases smaller quantities of energy which is more manageable
ATP breakdown is a one step process which releases immediate energy, glucose requires two steps

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9
Q

Can ADP be broken down?

A

Yes, the second phosphate bond is broken down

This releases less energy but is useful if there is no ATP available

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10
Q

What happens to something that becomes phosphorylated?

A

It becomes more reactive

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11
Q

What are the uses of ATP?

A

Metabolic processes: building macromolecules from basic units
Movement: energy for muscle contraction
Secretion: formation of lysosomes for secreting cell products
Activation of molecules: phosphate released can go on to form other molecules
Energy: for any active processes within the cell

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12
Q

What are the uses of phosphate in the body?

A
To make RNA
To make DNA;
To make ATP/ADP
To make membranes
For phosphorylation
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