3.1.4.1 Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the monomers that make up proteins?

A

Amino acids

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2
Q

What is the structure of an amino acid?

A

See card

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3
Q

How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?

A

20

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4
Q

What changes from amino acid to amino acid?

A

The side chain is the only thing that changes

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5
Q

How are two amino acids joined?

A

By a peptide bond via a condensation reaction

Peptide bond: See card

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6
Q

What are the units of protein?

A
Peptide = one
Dipeptide = two
Polypeptide = many
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7
Q

What is the primary structure of amino acids?

A

The order of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain

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8
Q

What changes the properties of a protein?

A

The order of the amino acids, not the type

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9
Q

What is the secondary structure of proteins?

A

The alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

This is created by hydrogen bonds which aren’t bonded but are attracted which bend the polypeptide chain

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10
Q

What is the tertiary structure of proteins?

A

The further folding of the alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

It is held together by hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, a disulfide bridge and hydrophobic interactions

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11
Q

What are hydrophobic interactions in the tertiary structure of proteins?

A

When clusters of hydrophobic molecules bend the chain around them to block any water

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12
Q

What is a disulfide bridge?

A

When sulfur atoms in the side chains bond

This is one of the strongest types of bond

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13
Q

What is the quaternary structure of proteins?

A

When 2 or more polypeptide chains are joined together in a fibrous or globulous structure
Fibrous = long intertwined protein chains
Globulous = when blocks of polypeptide chains are put together

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14
Q

How do you test for proteins?

A

Put a small amount of sample in test tube, add an alkali and shake thoroughly, add drops of the Biuret reagent and mix gently after each drop, allow mixture to stand
A violet colour indicates a protein presence
Blue indicates no presence- colour of copper sulfate

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15
Q

What does an alpha helix/beta pleated sheet look like?

A

See card

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16
Q

What is the name for the test for proteins?

A

Biuret test