3.1.4.1 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are proteins made out of?

A

Amino acids held together by peptide bonds

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2
Q

What determines a proteins function?

A
  • sequence
  • type and number of amino acids
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3
Q

What are amino acids and how many of them are there?

A
  • monomers of proteins
  • 20 amino acids found in proteins common to all living organisms
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4
Q

What is the general structure of an amino acid?

A

A central carbon atom bonded to:
- an amine group -NH2
- a carboxylic acid group- COOH
- a hydrogen atom
- an R group

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5
Q

What is an R group on an amino acid?

A

The only difference between amino acids and

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6
Q

How is a peptide bond formed?

A
  1. A hydroxyl (-OH) is lost form the carboxylic group of one amino acid and a hydrogen atom is lost from the amine group of another amino acid
  2. The remaining carbon atom from the first amino acid bonds to the nitrogen atom of the second amino acid
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7
Q

What kind of reaction is the formation of a peptide bond?

A

Condensation reaction

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8
Q

What are dipeptides?

A

Formed by the condensation of two amino acids

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9
Q

What are polypeptides?

A

Formed by the condensation of many (3 or more) amino acids

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10
Q

What are the four levels of protein structure?

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
  4. Quaternary
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11
Q

Describe the structure of a primary level of protein structure:

A

Order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

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12
Q

Describe the structure of secondary level protein structure:

A

B- sheet
Folding alpha helixes

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13
Q

Describe the structure of a tertiary level protein:

A

B-sheets fold up to become 3D
Can be globular of fibrilous

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14
Q

Describe the structure of a quaternary level protein:

A

Association of two or more polypeptide charges and non- protein groups, to form a 3D structure

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15
Q

What type of bonds are in a primary level protein?

A

Peptide bonds

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16
Q

What type of bonds are in a secondary level protein?

A

Hydrogen bonds

17
Q

What type of bonds are in a tertiary and quaternary level protein?

A

Ionic forces, disulphide bridges, hydrogen bonds, London forces

18
Q

Where do the bonds form in a primary level protein?

A

Between amine and carboxylic groups of amino acids

19
Q

Where do bonds form in a secondary level protein?

A

Resides of amine and carboxylic groups in the chain of amino acids

20
Q

Where do bonds form in a tertiary and quaternary level protein?

A

Between R groups- type of bond/ IM force depends in properties of R group

21
Q

Example of a globular protein?

A

Haemoglobin

22
Q

Example of a fibrous protein?

A

Collagen

23
Q

Why is it possible to form millions of different proteins?

A

20 amino acids- can form in loads of different orders

24
Q

Are globular proteins soluble in water?

A

Yes

25
Q

Are globular proteins soluble in water?

A

Yes

26
Q

Why are globular proteins being soluble good?

A

They can be easily transported around around organisms involved in metabolic reactions

27
Q

Do globular proteins have specific shapes?

A

Yes due to the folding of the protein due to the interactions between the R groups and therefore have specific shapes

28
Q

Do globular proteins have specific shapes?

A

Yes due to the folding of the protein due to the interactions between the R groups and therefore have specific shapes

29
Q

Why are the specific shapes of globular proteins good?

A

Enzymes can catalyse specific reactions and immunoglobulins can respond to specific antigens

30
Q

What is a conjugated protein?

A

Contains a prosthetic group- haemoglobin contains haem

31
Q

What are fibrous proteins?

A

Long strands of polypeptide chains that have cross-linkages due to hydrogen bonds

32
Q

Do fibrous proteins have a structure?

A

They have little or no tertiary structure

33
Q

Are fibrous proteins soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Insoluble due to the large number of hydrophobic R groups

34
Q

Shape of fibrous proteins:

A

Long strands

35
Q

Function of fibrous proteins:

A

Structural

36
Q

Examples of fibrous proteins:

A

Collagen, keratin, myosin

37
Q

Function of globular proteins:

A

Functional/ physiological

38
Q

Example of globular proteins:

A

Haemoglobin, enzymes