3.1.4-6 Energetics, Kinetics & Equilibria Flashcards
what is meant by ‘Le Chatelier’s Principle’?
if an external condition is changed, the equilibrium will shift to oppose the change
what is meant by ‘equilbrium mixture’?
mixture of the reactants + products in which the proportions of the components remain constant
how do you calculate the no. of moles at equilibrium?
initial moles - reacted moles
what is meant by ‘activation energy’?
the minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction
what is meant by ‘enthalpy change’?
heat change under constant pressure
define ‘exothermic’
energy is transferred to the surroundings (temp inc.)
define ‘endothermic’
energy is taken in from the surroundings (temp dec.)
what does an endothermic energy profile look like?
products > reactants
what does an exothermic energy profile?
reactants > products
what is meant by ‘standard enthalpy of neutralisation?’
enthalpy change associated with the formation of 1 mole of water from a neutralisation
what is meant by ‘bond enthalpy’?
energy needed to break 1 mole of a bond in a gaseous covalent molecule averaged over several molecule
what are the limitations of bond enthalpy?
- only average values
- only valid for gaseous molecules
- doesn’t account for IMFs
