3.1.3.3 Metallic bonding

Question 1

how the ions are held together in solid sodium metal

Answer 1

Attraction /electrostatic forces/bonds/attractions between (positive)
ions/lattice and delocalised/free electrons/sea of electrons.

Question 2

how the ions are held together in solid sodium chloride

Answer 2

Electrostatic attractions/forces between ions or attractions between
(oppositely charged) ions/ Na+ & Cl

Question 3

the electrical conductivity of solid sodium metal compared with that of solid sodium chloride

Answer 3

Sodium conducts and sodium chloride does NOT conduct
(Delocalised) electrons flow though the metal
Allow e– move/carry current/are charge carriers/transfer charge.
Ions can’t move in solid salt

Question 4

why sodium metal is malleable (can be hammered into shape)

Answer 4

Layers can slide over each other – idea that ions/atoms/particles move

Question 5

Description of the bonding that is present in metals

Answer 5

(electrostatic forces of) attraction / held together by interactions between
positive ions / cations / nuclei not just metal ions
and delocalised or free (outer shell) electrons / ‘sea’ of electrons / cloud of electrons

Question 6

how the bonding and structure lead to the typical metallic property of electrical conductivity

Answer 6

electrons are mobile / can move

electrons / carry charge / care charge carriers / move in same direction

Question 7

how the bonding and structure lead to the typical metallic property of malleability

Answer 7

cations / positive ions / atoms in the lattice are all identical / the same size / (planes of) ions (atoms) can slide easily over one another
attractive forces in the lattice are the same whichever ions (atoms) are adjacent / attractive forces remain the same throughout the lattice

Question 8

Reason why aluminium is a better conductor of electricity than magnesium

Answer 8

more electrons delocalised / more outer shell electrons

in aluminium compared with magnesium / reference to Al3+ and Mg2+

Question 9

the bonding in a metal

Answer 9

positive ions 
(attract) delocalised electrons (1) (or sea of or free or mobile)

Question 10

how the ions are held together in solid sodium metal

Answer 10

Attraction /electrostatic forces/bonds/attractions between (positive) ions/lattice and delocalised/free electrons/sea of electrons.

Question 11

the bonding in a metal

Answer 11

positive ions
(attract) delocalised electrons
(or sea of or free or mobile)