3.1.1.3 Electron configuration- Second ionisation energy

Question 1

the equation, including state symbols, for the process which represents the second ionisation energy of aluminium

Answer 1

Al+ (g) → Al2+(g) + e–

Question 2

why the second ionisation energy of boron is higher than the first ionisation energy of boron

Answer 2

Electron being removed from a positive ion (therefore needs more energy) / electron being removed is closer to the nucleus

Question 3

an equation to show the process that occurs when the second ionisation energy of aluminium is measured

Answer 3

Al+ (g) + e (−) Al2+(g) + 2e(−)
OR Al+ (g) Al2+(g) + e(−)
OR Al+ (g) − e(−) Al2+(g)

Question 4

why the second ionisation energy of silicon is lower than the second ionisation energy of aluminium

Answer 4

Electron in Si (removed from) (3)p orbital / electron (removed) from higher energy orbital or sub-shell / electron in silicon is more shielded

Question 5

why the ionisation energy of every element is endothermic

Answer 5

Heat or energy needed to overcome the attraction between the (negative) electron and the (positive) nucleus or protons
electron promoted to higher energy level (infinity) so energy must be supplied

Question 6

an equation, including state symbols, to show the reaction that occurs when the second ionisation energy of magnesium is measured

Answer 6

Mg+ (g) → Mg2+(g) + e(–)
Mg+ (g) + e(–) → Mg2+(g) + 2e(–)
Mg+ (g) – e(–) → Mg2+(g)

Question 7

why the second ionisation energy of magnesium is greater than the first ionisation energy of magnesium

Answer 7

Electron being removed from a positive ion (therefore need more energy)/electron being removed is closer to the nucleus/Mg+ smaller (than Mg)/Mg+ more positive than Mg

Question 8

an equation to illustrate the process occurring when the second ionisation energy of magnesium is measured

Answer 8

Mg+ (g) → Mg2+(g) + e–
or Mg+ (g) + e–→ Mg2+(g) + 2e–
or Mg+ (g) – e–→ Mg2+(g)

Question 9

the equation, including state symbols, for the process which represents the second ionisation energy of aluminium

Answer 9

Al+ (g) → Al2+(g) + e–

Question 10

an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process for which the energy change is the second ionisation energy of sodium

Answer 10

Na+ (g) → Na2+ (g) + e(–) ;

Na+ (g) + e(–) → Na2+ (g) + 2e(–) ;

Question 11

why the second ionisation energy of sodium is greater than the second ionisation energy of magnesium

Answer 11

Na(2+) requires loss of e– from a 2(p) orbital or 2nd energy level or 2 nd shell and Mg(2+) requires loss of e– from a 3(s) orbital or 3rd energy level or 3rd shell / Na(2+) loses e from a lower (energy) orbital/ or vice versa;
Less shielding (in Na);
e(–) closer to nucleus/ more attraction (of electron to nucleus) (in Na);

Question 12

an equation to illustrate the process occurring when the second ionisation energy of magnesium is measured

Answer 12

Mg+ (g) → Mg2+(g) + e–

Or Mg+ (g) + e– → Mg2+(g) + 2e–

Question 13

why the second ionisation energy of boron is higher than the first ionisation energy of boron

Answer 13

Electron being removed from a positive ion (therefore needs more energy) / electron being removed is closer to the nucleus

Question 14

why the second ionisation energy of beryllium is greater than the first ionisation energy

Answer 14

Electron removed from positive ion

which attracts the electron more