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OCR A level Biology > 3.1.3 Transport in plants > Flashcards

3.1.3 Transport in plants Flashcards

1
Q

why do plants require transport systems?

A

-metabolic demands
-size
-surface area to volume ratio

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2
Q

why do plants require transport systems for their metabolic demands?

A

glucose and oxygen are produced in photosynthesis, but not all areas of a plant photosynthesis, ions and hormones also need to be transported

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3
Q

why do plants require transport systems due to their size?

A

plants grow throughout their lives, transport from root to stem tip in large plants

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4
Q

why do plants require transport systems due to their surface area to volume ratio?

A

leaves have a large SA:V ratio for gas exchange and the absorption of light, but stems and trunks have relatively small SA: ratio, so diffusion is in inefficient

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5
Q

what do plants need to survive?

A

-CO2, oxygen from air or photosynthetic cells
-organic nutrients, products of photosynthesis
-inorganic ions, taken in by roots
-water

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6
Q

define xylem

A

transports water and inorganic ions from the root to the rest of the plant as a result of physical forces

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7
Q

define phloem

A

transports assimilates from leaves to all other parts of the plant

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8
Q

what is the vascular bundle system of a herbaceous dicot made up of?

A

made up of xylem and phloem tissue

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9
Q

what are monocotyledons?

A

single leafed plants

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10
Q

what are some examples of monocotyledons?

A

grasses, rice and wheat

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11
Q

what are dicotyledons?

A

makes seeds that contain two cotyledons

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12
Q

what are some examples of dicotyledons?

A

all flowering plants

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13
Q

what are herbaceous dicots?

A

soft tissues and relatively short life cycle (leaves and stems die at the end of the growing season)

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14
Q

label a diagram of a flower

A

see paper flashcard

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15
Q

label a diagram of a cross section of a leaf

A

see paper flashcard

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16
Q

what’s the function of a waxy cuticle?

A

prevent water loss and protects against infection, allows light through

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17
Q

what’s the function of the upper epidermis?

A

small cells that are transparent to allow light through

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18
Q

what’s the function of the palisade mesophyll?

A

contains lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

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19
Q

what’s the function of the air space in the spongy mesophyll?

A

provide gases needed for diffusion

20
Q

what’s the function of the lower epidermis?

A

protection- prevents entry to air spaces

21
Q

what’s the function of the stomata?

A

to allow entrance and exit of gases for diffusion (CO2)

22
Q

what’s the function of the guard cell?

A

to control opening and closing of stomata

23
Q

draw and label a cross section of a dicot stem

A

see paper flashcard

24
Q

draw and label a cross section of a dicot root

A

“see paper flashcard*

25
Q

draw and label a cross section of a dicot leaf

A

see paper flashcard

26
Q

what does the xylem vessel transport?

A

transports water and minerals

27
Q

is the phloem made of living or dead cells?

A

living cells

28
Q

describe the thickness of the phloem cell wall

A

thin cell wall

29
Q

is the xylem made of living or dead cells?

A

made of dead cells

30
Q

what does the phloem transport?

A

carries assimilates to growing parts and storage organs

31
Q

describe the thickness of the xylem cell wall

A

thick cell wall

32
Q

describe the composition of the phloem

A

-tissue has companion cells
-has sieve plates

33
Q

are the xylem cell walls permeable or impermeable?

A

impermeable cell walls

34
Q

what are the phloem cell walls made of?

A

cell walls are made of cellulos

35
Q

does the xylem have cytoplasm?

A

no cytoplasm

36
Q

are there sieve plates in the xylem?

A

sieve plates are absent

37
Q

what is the direction of the flow in the phloem?

A

flow is upwards and downward

38
Q

what is the direction of the flow in the xylem?

A

flow is upward

39
Q

what does the xylem carry?

A

carries water and minerals to the leaves

40
Q

what do the xylem tissues contain?

A

also contains fibres

41
Q

what are the cells in the phloem lined with?

A

cytoplasm strands

42
Q

what are the cell walls in xylem made from?

A

lignin

43
Q

are the cell walls in the phloem permeable or impermeable?

A

permeable

44
Q

what are parachyma?

A

unspecialised cells

45
Q

what are collenchyma?

A

thickened cells with cellulose in cells walls for support and protection

OCR A level Biology (4 decks)

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