3.1.2.3 Principles and Theories of Learning and Performance

Question 1

Cognitive Stage

Answer 1

Beginner

1. trial and error
2. jerky performance
3. easily overloaded due to using all of their coordination

Question 2

Associative Stage

Answer 2

Fault Correction

1. performer knows what to do but continues to make mistakes
2. motor programmes are beginning to be formed
3. can use kinaesthetic feedback
4. use of part learning so the performer knows how to complete each stage of movement
5. use of demonstration to highlight correct technique and verbal feedback to correct faults
6. learner needs encouragement to maintain motivation

Question 3

Kinaesthetic Feedback

Answer 3

Knowledge of body positioning due to information from the nerves, joints and muscles. Is also known as proprioception

Question 4

Autonomous Stage

Answer 4

Automatic

1. Learner knows how to complete the skill with a great degree of skill and fluency
2. Learner doesn’t have to concentrate on performance as it is completed automatically
3. Spare attentional capacity and can concentrate on other things such as tactics
4. Can teach themselves