3.1.2.1 Introduction to Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are the units of the mole?
mol
Individual biological molecules that can be linked to form chains are called…
monomers
Which type of reaction take place every time a monomer undergoes polymerisation?
a condensation reaction
Which polymer do many mononucleotides form?
Polynucleotides
Name the common biological monomers
mononucleotides (or just nucleotides)
monosaccharides
amino acids
Describe a hydrogen bond
When the positive charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another polar molecule.
How else can 1 mol dm-3 be written?
1 mole per litre
1 Molar
1 M
How can we find the mass of 1 mole of a more complex molecule?
Look up the atomic masses of each element that make up the molecule and add them together.
a hydrolysis reaction requires…
the addition of water to separate a polymer into its monomers.
What is meant by metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body
The process of polymer formation from monomers is called…
polymerisation
What is a solute?
The solid that is dissolved to make a solution
Name 3 common biological polymers
Polynucleotides
Polysaccharides
Polypeptides (proteins)
Define a ‘molar solution’ (1 M)
A molar solution (1 M) is a solution that contains 1 mole of solute in every litre (dm3) of solution.
How many atoms of carbon-12 are found in 1 mole of carbon-12?
6.022 x 1023
What is 6.022 x 1023 referred to as?
Avagadros Number
Avagadros Constant
The number of something in 1 mole
Describe a covalent bond
When atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell.
Which polymer do many monosaccharides form?
Polysaccharides
a condensation reaction releases…
a water molecule when monomers join
1 litre = _____ dm3
1 litre = 1 dm3
How many of something are there in 1 mole?
6.022 × 1023
Name the 3 types of bond that join biological molecules together
Covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Long chains of monomer sub units are called…
polymers
How else can 1 mole per litre be written?
1 mole dm-3
1 Molar
1 M
Moles are used when talking about large numbers of substances such as…
Atoms
Molecules
What is a molecule?
When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.
Describe an ionic bond
When oppositely charge ions are attracted to one another e.g. Na+ and Cl-
What is the mass of 1 mole of carbon?
12 g
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist
How can we easily find the mass of 1 mole of an element?
Look up the atomic mass of the element on a periodic table.
what is a solvent?
The liquid that a solute is dissolved into to make a solution
Which polymer do many amino acids form?
Polypeptides (proteins)
Which type of reaction take place every time a polymer is broken down into monomers?
hydrolysis
name the molecule
unsaturated fatty acid
Name a biological molecule that contains nitrogen
protein/amino acids
DNA
RNA
ATP/ADP
NAD/NADP
nucleotide
define a monomer
smaller/repeating unit/molecule from which a larger molecule is made (polymer)
What monomers make up lactose?
galactose and glucose
name the bond between 2 monosaccarides
glycosidic
name the bond between fatty acids and glycerol
ester
