3.1.2 Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
What is a monosaccharide
A
- monomers which are joined to make larger carbohydrates
2
Q
Examples of common monosaccharides
A
Glucose, galactose and fructose (all C6 sugars)
3
Q
What reaction forms monosaccharides, describe this reaction
A
- condensation
- new covalent bond formed = glycosidic bond
- loss of water
4
Q
How is a disaccharide formed
A
- condensation of 2 monosaccharides
5
Q
What monosaccharides from maltose
A
2 alpha glucose
6
Q
What monosaccharides form sucrose
A
glucose and fructose
7
Q
What monosaccharides form lactose
A
- glucose and galactose
8
Q
Describe the structure of starch
A
- alpha glucose
- linear chain
- alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- coiled / helical
9
Q
Describe the structure of glycogen
A
- alpha glucose
- branched
- alpha -1-4- glycosidic bonds AND alpha -1-6- glycosidic bonds
10
Q
Describe the structure of cellulose
A
- beta glucose
- linear chain
- beta -1-4- glycosidic bonds
- alternate glucose molecules inverted
- H2 bonds form between adjacent chains, forming micro fibrils
11
Q
Polymer of alpha glucose
A
provide respiratory substrate
12
Q
helical
A
compact (more can be stored in the cell)
13
Q
Spherical
A
compact (more can Stored in the cell)
14
Q
Branched
A
can be hydrolysed more rapidly
15
Q
Insoluble
A
does not affect movement of water into cell by osmosis
