3.1.1 Monomers and Polymers (C1) Flashcards
What is a condensation reaction?
Monomers are joined together producing a larger molecule forming a bond.
A molecule of water is formed in this process
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Polymers and dimers are split a part breaking bonds
A water molecule is formed in this process
What is a Monomer?
Small molecules that form the unit of a larger molecule.
These are often repeated many times.
What is a Polymer?
Large numbers of monomers joined together
Give two examples of Monomers
monosaccharide, amino acid, nucleotide
Give two examples of polymers
DNA, RNA, polypeptide, polysaccharide
Name the bond in a carbohydrate
Glycosidic
Name the bond in the primary structure of a protein
Peptide
Name the bonds in a triglyceride
Ester
Name the bonds in a polynucleotide
Phosphodiester
What is metabolism
All the chemical reactions in an organism (often many condensation and hydrolysis reactions)
Name a Biological Molecule that contains Nitrogen
Protein/Amino Acids
DNA
RNA
ATP/ADP
NAD/NADP
Nucleotides
Name a Biological Molecule that contains a Phosphate group
Phospholipids
DNA
RNA
ATP/ADP
Which type of reaction take place every time a monomer undergoes polymerisation?
Condensation Reaction
Which polymer do many mononucleotides form?
Polynucleotides
Describe a hydrogen bond
When the positive charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another polar molecule.
A hydrolysis reaction requires…
the addition of water to separate a polymer into its monomers.
What is meant by metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body
The process of polymer formation from monomers is called…
polymerisation
What is a solute?
The solid that is dissolved to make a solution
Describe a covalent bond
When atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell.
a condensation reaction releases…
a water molecule when monomers join
What is a molecule?
When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.
Describe an ionic bond
When oppositely charge ions are attracted to one another e.g. Na+ and Cl-
What is a solvent?
The liquid that a solute is dissolved into to make a solution
Which type of reaction take place every time a polymer is broken down into monomers?
Hydrolysis
Name a biological molecule that contains nitrogen
protein/amino acids
DNA
RNA
ATP/ADP
NAD/NADP
nucleotide
A molecule containing carbon is called an…
organic molecule
