3.11 ATP Flashcards
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
What are the three main types of activity that cells require energy for?
Synthesis eg. large molecules such as proteins, Transport eg. pumping ions across cell membrane by active transport, Movement eg. protein fibres in muscle cells which cause muscle contraction
What is a molecule of ATP composed of?
a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar , three phosphate groups
What nitrogenous base does ATP always continue?
adenine
What is the pentose sugar in ATP?
ribose
Draw the structure of a molecule of ATP
What is the structure of ribose?
Is adenine as purine or pyrimidine?
Purine, it is a larger base with double carbon ring structures
Why is ATP known as the universal energy currency?
It is used for energy transfer in all cells of al living things
What does ADP stand for?
Adenosine diphosphate
What is meant when you phosphorylate a nucleotide?
You add one or more phosphate groups to it
What is the structure of ADP?
nitrogenous base adenine, pentose sugar ribose and two phosphate groups
Draw the structure of ADP
What is the equation for the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP?
ATP + H20 → ADP + Pi + energy
Why is the hydrolysis and condensation reactions involving ATP said to be coupled reaction?
They happen simultaneously
What is the diagram to show the interconversion of ATP and ADP
Why is ATP not a good long-term energy store, and why do cells not need a large ATP store?
Due to the instability of the phosphate bonds. This means that cells do not store large amounts of it but it ATP is being rapidly reformed by the phosphorylation of ADP though a condensation reaction, meaning the cells do not need a large store of ATP as it is a good immediate energy source
Where is the energy released from using the hydrolysis of ATP?
Energy is released from the phosphate bond and used up by the cell
What are the properties of ATP?
Small - moves easily into, out of and within cells
Water soluble - energy-requiring processes happen in aqueous environments
Contains bonds between phosphates with immediate energy - large enough to be useful for cellular reactions but not so large that energy is wasted as heat
Releases energy in small quantities - quantities are suitable to most cellular needs, so that energy is not wasted as heat
Easily regenerated- immediate energy source, can be recharged with energy
