3.11 Amines

Question 1

Why can all amines act as bases

Answer 1

All amines can act as bases. There is a lone pair on the nitrogen which can accept a proton to form an ammonium ion

Question 2

How is the strength of a base determined by
1. why amines (without benzene ring)
2. why amines (with benzene ring)

Answer 2

1. positive inductive effect of alkyl group· Positive inductive effect of alkyl groups releases electron density towards N atom
   · Lone pair of electrons on N is more available
   · Stronger base than NH3
2. · Lone pair of electrons on N atom delocalises into benzene ring
   · Lone pair of electrons on N is less available
   · Weaker base than NH3

Question 3

How to ensure further substitution stops occurring and you get a high yield of primary amine

Answer 3

Use a large excess of ammonia

Question 4

How to reduce nitriles
state reagents and conditions
an example of a reaction could be ethanenitrile to ethylamine

Answer 4

Hydrogen (H2)
Nickel catalyst

Question 5

Suggest how to get Phenlyamine from Benzene

Answer 5

Question 6

Use of amines

Answer 6

Making dyes or making hair conditioner

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8