3.1 Republican Conservatism 1920-1932 Flashcards
What political trends were there after WW1?
- American politics became more conservative and inward
- Democratic Party nationally divided
- Progressivism dwindled
- Republican dominance began
What was the primary focus of the United States before WW1?
Neutral and isolationist
The U.S. was adopting an inward-looking policy, often summarized as ‘America first’.
What did ‘a return to normalcy’ signify in the context of Harding’s presidency?
Support for progressivism was diminished and a return to laissez faire
It indicated a desire for reduced government intervention in business.
Who were the major candidates in the 1920 presidential election?
- James Cox (Democratic Party) with Franklin Roosevelt
- Warren Harding (Republican Party) with Calvin Coolidge
- Eugene Debs (ran from prison)
- Farmer Labour Party candidate
This election was significant for the first-time voting rights for women.
What were Harding’s main interests during his presidency?
‘Golf, drink, and other men’s wives’
This reflected his public image of being amiable and reassuring.
What was one of the successes of Harding’s administration?
- Successful appointments such as Mellon, Hoover, and Hughes
- Freed Eugene Debs
- Pro anti-lynching laws
These appointments were pivotal in shaping his administration’s policies.
Fill in the blank: Harding’s administration is often compared to that of _____ due to its similar approach.
McKinley
What was the impact of the Sheppard-Towner Maternity Aid Act 1921?
Provided federal aid to states for building infant and maternity health centres
This act reflected a limited but significant government intervention.
What economic situation followed the brief post-war recession of 1920-21?
Years of prosperity and rising living standards
This economic recovery contributed to Harding’s popularity.
What were some key shortcomings of Harding’s administration?
- Weak compared to other presidents
- Dubious appointments (Ohio Gang)
- Corruption (Teapot Dome Scandal)
- Open drinking during prohibition
These issues overshadowed his presidency.
What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?
In 1922, key figures in Harding’s administration were accused of profiting from leasing oil reserves for bribes as oil grew in importance and oil reserves were established
The scandal was not uncovered until after Harding’s death in 1923.
Why did Harding win the 1920 election?
Promise of return to normalcy and was not controversial
His platform appealed to voters seeking stability after Wilson’s presidency.
True or False: Harding’s administration was characterized by significant government intervention.
False
What was the public perception of Harding’s presidency?
Very popular among the people despite little actual achievement
His administration was often overshadowed by scandals.
What was the significance of the Fordney-McCumber Act 1922?
Imposed tariffs to help industry, largely at the expense of Japan
This act reflected Harding’s pro-business policies.
What was the atmosphere surrounding the Ohio Gang?
Rumors of poker parties and boozy meetings in the White House as well as using their public offices to benefit themselves
This group caused significant controversy during Harding’s presidency.
Who was Andrew Mellon?
A firm believer in free markets and minimal regulation of business. Harding appointed him as Secretary of State for the Treasury
