1.7 Regional Divisions Flashcards
Where was there mass immigration, urbanisation, and industrialisation?
In the North and East: in the booming cities and economic hubs of New York, Chicago, the Great Lakes, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
How did the population in New York City and Chicago change between 1860 and 1890?
The population of New York City doubled and the population of Chicago increased tenfold from just over 100,000 to more than one million.
What did tensions over the power of the railroads cause?
The Great Railroad Strike of July 1877.
What happened in the Great Railroad Strike of July 1877?
It began at Martinsburg in West Virginia, with working fighting wage cuts by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Unrest soon spread into Maryland, where there was street fighting between strikers and troops of the National Guard. Strikes then broke out in Pennsylvania, with violent clashes in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, where the Union rail depot was set on fire and more than 40 people were killed by militiamen. There were also major confrontations in Chicago and St Louis.
How did President Hayes respond to the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
After two weeks of upheaval, he sent several thousand federal troops to restore order.
What is an example of outbreaks of violence as a result of immigration and urbanisation?
The Orange Riots.
What were the Orange Riots?
Violence between Irish Protestants and Irish Catholics in New York in 1870 and 1871. On 12 July 1870, 8 people were killed when a march through New York by ‘Orangemen’ (Irish Protestants) was heckled and attacked by Irish Catholic workmen. The next Orange parade, in 1871, led to a major rioting and resulted in the death of 60 civilians.
What is an example of gang warfare as a result of immigration and urbanisation?
Powerful Irish gangs dominated Chicago’s South Side from the 1870s, terrorising immigrant groups who arrived in the city, such as Italians, Jews, and Poles.
What were some of the divisions within the South after the Civil War?
There was the obvious division between freed African-Americans and the former slave-owning white society. There was resentment and class conflict within elements of white society, especially among poorer farmers. There were differences, too, among African-Americans, uncertain whether to be radical or moderate in pursuing their goals.
What was the greatest division concerning the South?
The gulf between the South and the rest of the country. the New South was very much the Old South and feelings of displacement and alienation persisted. The South could not easily let go of the grievances of defeat, or the sentimental attachment to a lost way of life and a lost position at the forefront of American politics.
How was the bitterness of the South shown?
In the violence and discrimination against African-Americans, the determination to rebuild segregation, and the resentment held towards the North.
Who were the Yankees?
The Northerners.
Who were the Carpetbaggers?
Republican Northerners who had moved South to run the state governments there after former Confederate soldiers had their political powers and rights revoked after the Civil War. They got their name from the bags they carried to travel to the South and because they were accused of robbing valuables from the defeated South and carrying their loot away in rolled-up stolen carpets.
Who were the Scalawags?
Southerners who had collaborated with Northerners to enrich themselves. They were often poor farmers who were allowed in these positions as they had not played key roles in the Civil War.
What was rapid settlement of the American West a result of?
Government policy and the actions of ordinary Americans (farmers, ranchers, miners, hunter, and small businessmen.
