31: Intellectual Disability - Sieleni Flashcards
3 criteria for diagnosis of ID
onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, practical domains
- Deficits in intellectual functions
- Deficits in adaptive functioning
- Onset of intellectual and adaptive deficits during the developmental period
what is an deficit in adaptive functioning?
without ongoing support there are limits in function in one or more ADLs (communicaiton, independent living, social participation)
now specifiers are strongly influenced by ____________ not __
adaptive functioning; IQ
adaptive functioning determines the level of supports required
Mild Specifier (85% ID diagnoses) =
50-70 IQ
- school age children and adults difficulties but no difference in preschoolers
- express concrete responses to problems and solutions compared to age appropriate mates
- immature in social interactions
- at risk of being manipulated (***gullibility)
- complex daily living needs assistance
- personal care is age appropriate
- health care and legal decisions need support
- raising a family needs support
Moderate Specifier (10% ID diagnoses) =
IQ 35-50
- conceptually lag behind peers throughout development
- adult academics are at elementary level
- capacity for long-term relationships with fam and friends and sometimes romantic
- work settings need significant social and communication support
- with extended period of teaching, time, and reminders an individual may become independent
- maladaptive behavior in a significat minority
Severe Specifier (3-4% of diagnoses) =
20-40 IQ
- caretakers provide extensive support throughout life
- limited vocabulary and grammar, single words or phrases and they may need augmentation ( fam and caregivers may translate for provider)
- support for all activities of daily living
- maladaptive behaviors including self injury is present in significant minority
Profound Specifier (1-2% of diagnoses) =
below 20 IQ
- physical world rather than symbolic process
- objects may be used in goal directed fashion for self-care, work, and recreation
- non verbal non symbolic communication
- enjoys relationships with family and others, may initiate and respond to interactions with gesture and emotional cues
- co-occurring sensory and physical impairments may prevent social activities
- dependent for all aspects of daily physical care, health, and safety
- maladaptive behaviors present in significant minority
suicide risks exist in __ metal health disorders and it is essential to screen for this risk factor
ALL
co-morbid symptoms for following mental disorders…
A. Fragile X syndrome
B. Prader-Willi syndrome
C. William’s syndrome
A. increased risk for ADHD and social phobia
B. hyperphagia and compulsivity
C. increased risk for ADHD and anxiety disorders
mental disorders due to a general medical condition (down’s syndrome**) are at a higher risk for …
alzheimer’s type dementia with pathological changes in the early 40s, clinical symptoms appear later
Prevalence, Course and Familial patterns of ID
- 1% prevalence rate
- Before age 18
- familial patterns do not exist due to heterogenity of the disorder
ID are not _____ and even those with failure in academics can be altered by training which improves adaptive skills in other domains changing the diagnosis
static
early onset of delay in motor language or social milestones (first two years of life) =
severe
school age onset with difficulty in academics
mild
why is san philippo unique?
progressive worsening
ID is non-progressive
Rett’s syndrome worsens then stabilization
