3.1: Genes Flashcards
Genes
Heritable factors that consist of a sequence of DNA
Locus
Position of a gene on a chromosome
Alleles
Alternate forms of a gene that code for the different variations of a specific trait
Genome
Describes the totality of the genetic info in an organism
Gene Mutation
Change in the base sequence of a section of DNA coding for a particular characteristic
Effects of gene mutation
Beneficial, detrimental, or neutral
Somatic gene mutation
Occurs in body cells. Affects a tissue
Germline gene mutation
Occurs in a gamete. Affects offsprings
Point mutation
A single base pair is added, deleted, or changed
Substitutions
Silent, missense, or nonsense
Silent
Change that results in the same protein
Missense
Changes the protein
Nonsense
Stop codon. Prevents protein from being made
Cause of Sickle Cell Anemia
Base substitution: GAG —> GUG
Amino acid change in Sickle Cell Anemia
Glutamic acid—> Valine (Glu —> Val)