3.1: Genes Flashcards

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1
Q

Genes

A

Heritable factors that consist of a sequence of DNA

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2
Q

Locus

A

Position of a gene on a chromosome

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3
Q

Alleles

A

Alternate forms of a gene that code for the different variations of a specific trait

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4
Q

Genome

A

Describes the totality of the genetic info in an organism

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5
Q

Gene Mutation

A

Change in the base sequence of a section of DNA coding for a particular characteristic

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6
Q

Effects of gene mutation

A

Beneficial, detrimental, or neutral

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7
Q

Somatic gene mutation

A

Occurs in body cells. Affects a tissue

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8
Q

Germline gene mutation

A

Occurs in a gamete. Affects offsprings

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9
Q

Point mutation

A

A single base pair is added, deleted, or changed

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10
Q

Substitutions

A

Silent, missense, or nonsense

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11
Q

Silent

A

Change that results in the same protein

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12
Q

Missense

A

Changes the protein

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13
Q

Nonsense

A

Stop codon. Prevents protein from being made

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14
Q

Cause of Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Base substitution: GAG —> GUG

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15
Q

Amino acid change in Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Glutamic acid—> Valine (Glu —> Val)

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16
Q

Consequences of Sickle Cell

A

-Alters haemoglobin structure

-Inefficient oxygen transport (causes fatigue)

-Red blood have sickle shape (form clots)

-Sickle cells destroyed easier (anemia)

17
Q

Heterozygous Advantages of Sickle Cell Anemia

A

-A condominant trait

-Heterozygous individuals demonstrate increased resistance to malaria