3.1: Genes

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

Heritable factors that consist of a sequence of DNA

Question 2

Locus

Answer 2

Position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

Alternate forms of a gene that code for the different variations of a specific trait

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

Describes the totality of the genetic info in an organism

Question 5

Gene Mutation

Answer 5

Change in the base sequence of a section of DNA coding for a particular characteristic

Question 6

Effects of gene mutation

Answer 6

Beneficial, detrimental, or neutral

Question 7

Somatic gene mutation

Answer 7

Occurs in body cells. Affects a tissue

Question 8

Germline gene mutation

Answer 8

Occurs in a gamete. Affects offsprings

Question 9

Point mutation

Answer 9

A single base pair is added, deleted, or changed

Question 10

Substitutions

Answer 10

Silent, missense, or nonsense

Question 11

Silent

Answer 11

Change that results in the same protein

Question 12

Missense

Answer 12

Changes the protein

Question 13

Nonsense

Answer 13

Stop codon. Prevents protein from being made

Question 14

Cause of Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 14

Base substitution: GAG —> GUG

Question 15

Amino acid change in Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 15

Glutamic acid—> Valine (Glu —> Val)

Question 16

Consequences of Sickle Cell

Answer 16

-Alters haemoglobin structure

-Inefficient oxygen transport (causes fatigue)

-Red blood have sickle shape (form clots)

-Sickle cells destroyed easier (anemia)

Question 17

Heterozygous Advantages of Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 17

-A condominant trait

-Heterozygous individuals demonstrate increased resistance to malaria