3.1 Genes

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Is the genetic blueprint which codes for, and determines, the characteristics of an organism. This includes the physical, behavioural and physiological features of the organism

Question 2

DNA is packaged and organised into discrete structures called

Answer 2

CHROMOSOMES

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

is a sequence of DNA that encodes for a specific trait (traits may also be influenced by multiple genes)

Question 4

Locus

Plural = Loci

Answer 4

The position of a gene on a particular chromosome

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

are alternative forms of a gene that code for the different variations of a specific trait

Question 6

Alleles only differ from each other by

Answer 6

by one or a few bases

Question 7

Gene mutation

Answer 7

is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a section of DNA coding for a specific trait

Question 8

Missense Mutations

Answer 8

Beneficial mutations change the gene sequence to create new variations of a trait

Question 9

Nonsense mutations

Answer 9

Detrimental mutations truncate the gene sequence to abrogate the normal function of a trait

Question 10

Silent mutations

Answer 10

Neutral mutations have no effect on the functioning of the specific feature

Question 11

Sickle cell anaemia is an example of a disorder caused by a gene mutation

Answer 11

nn

Question 12

2 types of traits

Answer 12

Heritable Factor

Adquired Factor

Question 13

Polygenic Trait

Answer 13

traits that are determined by more than one gene

Question 14

Gene hemoglobin

Answer 14

Protein of the blood that transports oxygen