1.2 Cell structure

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus (‘pro’ = before ; ‘karyon’ = nucleus)

Question 2

Prokaryotes kingdom?

Answer 2

Monera

Question 3

two distinct domains of prokaryotes

Answer 3

• Archaebacteria

- Eubacteria

Question 4

Archaebacteria

Answer 4

found in extreme environments like high temperatures, salt concentrations or pH (i.e. extremophiles)

Question 5

Eubacteria

Answer 5

traditional bacteria including most known pathogenic forms (e.g. E. coli, S. aureus, etc.)

Question 6

Prokaryotic features

Answer 6

Cytoplasm
Nucleoid
Plasmids
Ribosomes
Cell membrane 
Cell wall
Slime Capsule
Flagella
Pili

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

internal fluid component if the cell

Question 8

Nucleoid

Answer 8

region of the cytoplasm where the DNA is located ( genophore is a circular DNA strand)

Question 9

Plasmids

Answer 9

Autonomous circular DNA molecules that may be transferred between bacteria( horizontal gene transfer)

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

complexes of RNA and protein that are responsible for polypeptide synthesis (prokaryote ribosome = 70S)

Question 11

Polypeptide Synthesis

Answer 11

building blocks of proteins, involves transcription and translation

Question 12

Cell membrane

Answer 12

Semi-permeable and selective barrier surrounding the cell

Question 13

Cell Wall

Answer 13

rigid outer covering made of peptidoglycan; maintains shape and prevents bursting (lysis)

Question 14

Slime Capsule

Answer 14

a thick polysaccharide layer used for protection against dessication (drying out) and phagocytosis

Question 15

Flagella

Answer 15

Long slender projections containing a motor protein that enables movement (singular: flagellum)

Question 16

Pili

Answer 16

Hair-like extensions that enable adherence to surfaces (attachment pili) or mediate bacterial conjugation (sex pili)

Question 17

Binary Fission

Answer 17

is a form of asexual reproduction used by prokaryotic cells

Question 18

Process of binary fission:

Answer 18

• The circular DNA is copied in response to a replication signal
• The two DNA loops attach to the membrane
• The membrane elongates and pinches off (cytokinesis), forming two cells