3.1 Flowers

Question 1

What are Sepals?

Answer 1

Outer whorl

Protection for the flower bud

Often green and photosynthetic

Question 2

What are Petals?

Answer 2

Second whorl

Showy, attractive to wildlife - landing pad for bees

Sometimes modified to form NECTARIES at base of petals

Question 3

What are Tepals?

Answer 3

When sepals and petals are very similar or indistinguishable

Question 4

What is the Calyx?

Answer 4

A whorl of Sepals

Question 5

What is the Corolla?

Answer 5

A whorl of Petals

Question 6

What is the Androecium?

Answer 6

Third whorl

All the MALE reproductive structures

Question 7

What is the Gynoecium?

Answer 7

Fourth whorl

All the FEMALE reproductive structures

Question 8

What is a Stamen?

Answer 8

Male part made up from Filament and Anther

Question 9

What is the Filament?

Answer 9

Male part - long stalk - holds the anther in best position to disperse pollen

Question 10

What is the Anther?

Answer 10

Male part - on tip of filament that produces or contains pollen (male gamete)

Question 11

What is the Carpel?

Answer 11

Female part - contains Ovary, Style, and Stigma

Question 12

What is the Ovary?

Answer 12

Female part - contains Ovules. After fertilisation the Ovary wall forms the fruit.

Question 13

What is the Style?

Answer 13

Female part - tube that leads to the Ovary - holds the stigma in the best position to receive pollen

Question 14

What is the Stigma?

Answer 14

Female part - sticky receptive tissue on tip of Style - receives the Pollen

Question 15

What are the Ovules?

Answer 15

Female part - inside the Ovary - go on to become seeds once fertilised.

Question 16

What is the Receptacle?

Answer 16

This connects the stalk to all flower parts - goes on to become the “flesh” of the fruit in apples, pears and other members of the rose family.

Question 17

What is the Pedicel?

Answer 17

The flower stalk - holds flower in best position for pollination and seed dispersal

Question 18

What are the four Whorls of a flower?

Answer 18

1. Calyx (sepals)
2. Corolla (petals)
3. Androecium (male parts)
4. Gynoecium (female parts)

Question 19

What does Monoecious mean?

Answer 19

A plant that has SEPARATE M/F structures on the same plant. (mono = same)

Question 20

What does Dioecious mean?

Answer 20

A plant that has SEPARATE M/F structures on SEPARATE plants (dio = different)

Question 21

State meaning of “Pollination”

Answer 21

The successful transfer of a plant’s male reproductive cells (pollen) from their site of production (anther), to the receptive female tissue (stigma) on the tip of the style.

Question 22

Characteristics of wind-pollinated plants (4):

Answer 22

Typically lack large petals and sepals - they are sometimes green or brown.

Stamens/anthers hang/dangle outside the flower to catch wind.

Stigmas often feathery with many lobes to catch pollen

Pollen may be smooth-surfaced or may have air bladders, lightweight, small, large quantities.

Question 23

Characteristics of bee/insect-pollinated plants (4):

Answer 23

Typically showy, large, attractive petals

Other attractants such as scent and nectar guides and nectaries

Stamens large / anthers inside flower for insects to brush up against.

Pollen surface is rough

Question 24

Meaning of the term, fertilisation:

Answer 24

The successful fusion of a male gamete (from pollen) with a female gamete (in the ovule) to form the embryo (or zygote)

Question 25

What is a nectary?

Answer 25

A gland that produces nectar to attract pollinators into a flower