Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHRX 3009: drug action > 31: Drug Action Dopamine > Flashcards

31: Drug Action Dopamine Flashcards

1
Q

Draw the structure of dopamine.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the function of dopamine in the brain.

A

Dopamine plays a major role in the motivational component o reward-motivated behavior in the brain.
* signals the perceived motivational desirability of an outcome and behavior towards or away from achieving it.
* pleasure chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the function of dopamine in the PNS: blood vessels.

A

Inhibit norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the function of dopamine in the PNS: digestive system.

A

Reduces sodium excretion and urine output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the function of dopamine in the PNS: pancreas.

A

Reduces insulin production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the function of dopamine in the PNS: immune system.

A

Reduces the activity of lymphocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the outcomes of excess dopamine.

A
  • excess movement (involuntary movement)
  • euphoria, hallucinations, and psychosis
  • inhibition of prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain the outcomes of regular, normal regulated levels of dopamine.

A
  • motion
  • emotion and reward
  • hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the outcome of not enough dopamine.

A
  • less movement; parkinson’s disease
  • lack of emotion; anhedonia, feeling flat
  • increased prolactin; amenorrhea in women; impotence in men
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the association of dopamine with Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of substantia nigra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the association of dopamine with Restless legs syndrome?

A

Decrease dopamine activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the association between dopamine and ADHD?

A

Decreased dopamine activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the association between dopamine and heart failure/shock?

A

Decreased dopamine activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the association between dopamine and schizophrenia?

A

Increased levels of dopamine activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe effects of drug action on dopamine.

A

Altered…
* biosynthesis in presynaptic neuron
* release from a presynaptic neuron to a synaptic cleft
* reuptake back to a presynaptic neuron
* removal in a synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain step 1 of dopamine biosynthesis.

A

Starts from L-tyrosine
* L-tyrosine is taken into the presynaptic neuron by Na+-dependent tyrosine transporter (TryP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Explain step 2 of dopamine biosynthesis.

A

L-tyrosine is hydroxylated into L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)
* RATE-LIMITING STEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Metirosine? What does it do?

A

Metirosine is an antihypertensive drug.
* depletes the levels of dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain step 3 of dopamine biosynthesis.

A

L-DOPA s converted into dopamine by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Carbidopa used for?

A

Used for Parkinson’s disease in conjugation with levodopa.

21
Q

Explain step 4 of dopamine biosynthesis.

A

Dopamine is taken into the presynaptic vesicles for storage by a H+-coupled vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) in the CNS and PNS.
* OR VMAT2 only in the CNS.

22
Q

What is Reserpine used for?

A

Used for high blood pressure treatment
* VMAT1 and VMAT 2 inhibitor

23
Q

Explain step 5 of dopamine synthesis.

A

Vesicles move to the presynaptic terminal, which enforces Ca2+ channel to open and uptake of Ca2+ into the neuron.

24
Q

Explain step 6 of dopamine biosynthesis.

A

Ca2+ ions activate the vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release dopamine into synaptic cleft.

25
Explain step 7 of dopamine biosynthesis.
A part of dopamine is diffused out of the synaptic cleft.
26
Explain step 8 of dopamine biosynthesis.
A part of dopamine is re-uptake by dopamine transporter (DAT) back to the presynaptic cell.
27
What are the functions of altropane and cocaine?
Selective DAT inhibitors or selective dopamine reuptake inhibitors (SDRIs)
28
Describe the mechanism of action of DRIs.
DRI - dopamine re-uptake inhibitor * blocks the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT) * Increases extracellular concentrations of dopamine --> increases dopaminergic neurotransmission
29
What are DRIs used to treat?
ADHD, obesity, or binge eating disorder (sometimes - mood disorders) * high risk for abuse
30
What makes cocaine so addictive?
The increased concentration of dopamine in the synapse activates post-synaptic dopamine receptors --> result: drug is rewarding and promotes compulsive use
31
Explain step 9 of dopamine biosynthesis.
A part of reuptake dopamine is metabolized into DOPAC by MAO -> forms inactive metabolite secreted into urine.
32
What is Selegiline and what is it used for?
Selegiline is an antidepressant * MAO inhibitor
33
Explain step 10 of dopamine biosynthesis.
A part of reuptake dopamine is metabolized into 3-methoxytyramine (MT) by COMT) --> forms an inactive metabolite secreted into urine.
34
What is Entacapone and what is it used for?
Entacapone is a COMT inhibitor and it is used for Parkinson's disease.
35
Explain step 11 of dopamine biosynthesis.
A part of dopamine binds to the presynaptic receptor (D2 receptor) on the neuron membrane surface and inhibits dopamine biosynthesis.
36
Metirosine: drug action? target protein? therapeutic indication?
drug action: inhibition of biosynthesis target protein: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) therapeutic indication: hypertension
37
Carbidopa: drug action? target protein? therapeutic indication?
drug action: inhibition of biosynthesis target protein: DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) therapeutic indication: Parkinson's disease
38
Reserpine: drug action? target protein? therapeutic indication?
drug action: inhibition of storage target protein: VMAT 1 & 2 therapeutic indication: hypertension
39
Tetrabenazine: drug action? target protein? therapeutic indication?
drug action: inhibition of storage target protein: VMAT 2 therapeutic indication: Chorea
40
Altropane: drug action? target protein? therapeutic indication?
drug action: inhibition of reuptake target protein: dopamine transporter (DAT) therapeutic indication: ADHD
41
Entacapone: drug action? target protein? therapeutic indication?
drug action: inhibition of degradation target protein: COMT therapeutic indication: Parkinson's disease
42
Selegiline: drug action? target protein? therapeutic indication?
drug action: inhibition of degradation target protein: MAO therapeutic indication: antidepressant
43
A. Ca2+
44
C. Synaptic cleft
45
C. Tyrosine - DOPA - dopamine
46
E. A and D
47
A. Entacapone
48
B. Altropane

PHRX 3009: drug action (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions