25. Intro to Nervous System

Question 1

What makes up the CNS versus the PNS?

Answer 1

CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS - everything else

Question 2

What is the function of the CNS?

Answer 2

In-charge of interpreting, sorting, and integrating information (brain), and interfacing of signals to the PNS (spinal cord).

Question 3

What is part of the PNS?

Answer 3

• Cranial nerves: nerves from the brain
• spinal nerves: nerves from the spinal cord

Question 4

How do the CNS and PNS work together?

Answer 4

The CNS and PNS can send and receive signals to and from one another.

Question 5

Explain sensory input.

Answer 5

Sensing the envrionment through sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin).
* done by PNS sensory receptors

Question 6

Explain integration.

Answer 6

The CNS integrates and processes the information that comes from sensory input of PNS.
* occurs in the CNS.

Question 7

Explain motor output.

Answer 7

Motor output is when the body responds to the stimuli.
* The PNS transfers information from the CNS to the effectors

Question 8

Identify sensory input, integration, and motor output of a baseball player hitting a ball.

Answer 8

Sensory input: the batter sees the pitch.
integration: the batter predicts where the ball will go and gets ready to swing.
Motor output: the batter swings the bat and gets a hit.

Question 9

CNS: What is the function of the brain?

Answer 9

• receives and processes sensory information (from PNS)
• initiates responses (to PNS)
• stores memories
• generates thoughts and emotions

Question 10

CNS: What is the function of the spinal cord?

Answer 10

• conducts signals to and from the brain
• controls reflex activities

Question 11

PNS: What are the functions of sensory organs?

Answer 11

• aka afferent neurons
• signals from sensory organs in the peripheral tissues to the CNS (Sensory organs –> CNS)
• ex: cardiac, smooth muscle, skin, joints, and skeletal muscle

Question 12

PNS: What are the functions of motor neurons?

Answer 12

• aka efferent neurons
• Signal from the CNS to peripheral tissues (CNS –> peripheral tissues)
• ex: skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 13

PNS: What are the functions of sensory organs?

Answer 13

Afferent (sensory) neurons in your skin let your brain know that the sun feels warm.

Question 14

PNS: What is the function of motor neurons?

Answer 14

Efferent (motor) neurons tell your skeletal muscle it’s time to go inside.

Question 15

PNS: Describe the somatic nervous system.

Answer 15

Controls voluntary movements
* Includes skeletal muscles, sensory organs, and afferent and efferent neurons.
* Initiates new activity

Question 16

PNS: Describe the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 16

Controls involuntary responses
* involves: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and exocrine glands (aka visceral effectors)
* also includes afferent and efferent neurons

Question 17

Explain the somatic and autonomic nervous system using a dog eating ice cream as an example.

Answer 17

SNS: the dog voluntarily eats the ice cream.
ANS: the dog involuntarily digests the ice cream.

Question 18

How many neurons are involved in the SNS?

Answer 18

1 neuron

Question 19

How many neurons are involved in the ANS?

Answer 19

2 neurons

Question 20

How many neurons are involved in the ANS?

Answer 20

2 neurons

Question 21

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 21

Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest or digest

Question 22

What is the relation between sympathetic/parasympathetic innervation of organs?

Answer 22

Most organs receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation, but these tend to function antagonistic of each other.

Question 23

Describe/draw the flowchart of the nervous system and its divisions.

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

D. Spinal cord

Question 25

Answer 25

B. Sensory traffic light

Question 26

Answer 26

A. The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 27

Answer 27

B. The sympthetic division of the autonomic nervous system.