3.1 Computers and their components Flashcards

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1
Q

Memory cache

A

high speed memory external to processor which stores data which the processor will need again

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2
Q

Random access memory (RAM)

A

primary memory unit that can be written to or read from

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3
Q

Read-only memory (ROM)

A

primary memory unit that can only be read from

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4
Q

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

A

type of RAM chip that needs to be constantly refreshed

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5
Q

Static RAM (SRAM)

A

type of RAM chop that uses flip-flops and does not need to refresh

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6
Q

Refreshed

A

requirement to change a component to retain its electronic state

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7
Q

Programmable ROM (PROM)

A

type of ROM chip that can be programmed once

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8
Q

Erasable PROM (EPROM)

A

type of ROM that can be programmed more than once using ultraviolet (UV) light

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9
Q

Electronically EPROM (EEPROM)

A

a type of ROM that can be modified by the user, which can then be erased and written to repeatedly using pulsed voltages

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10
Q

Hard disk drive (HDD)

A

type of magnetic storage device that uses spinning disks

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11
Q

Latency

A

the lag in a system

for example, the time to find a track on a hard disk

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12
Q

Fragmented

A

storage of data in non-consecutive sectors

for example, due to the editing and deletion of old data

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13
Q

Removable HDD

A

portable hard disk drive that is external to the computer
can be connected using a USB part when required
often used as a device to back up data

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14
Q

Solid state drive (SSD)

A

storage media with no moving parts that relies on movement of electron

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15
Q

Flash memory

A

a type of EEPROM

particularly suited to use in drives such as SSDs, memory cards and memory sticks

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16
Q

Optical storage

A

CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs that use laser light to read and write data

17
Q

Duel layering

A

used in DVDs

meaning there are two recording layers

18
Q

Birefringence

A

a reading problem with DVDs caused by refraction of laser light into two beams

19
Q

Binder 3D printing

A

3D printing method that uses a two-stage pass

the first stage uses dry powder and the second stage uses a binding agent

20
Q

Direct 3D printing

A

3D printing technique where print head moves in the x, y and z directions
layers of melted material are built up using nozzles like an inkjet printer

21
Q

Digital to analogue converter (DAC)

A

needed to convert digital data into electric currents that can drive motors, actuators and relays, for example

22
Q

Analogue to digital converter (ADC)

A

needed to convert analogue data (read from sensors, for example) into a form understood by the computer

23
Q

Organic LED (OLED)

A

uses movement of electrons between cathode and anode to produce an onscreen image
generates its own light so no back lighting required

24
Q

Screen resolution

A

number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions on a television/computer screen

25
Q

Touch screen

A

screen on which the touch of a finger or stylus allows selection or manipulation of a screen image
usually use capacitive or resistive technology

26
Q

Capacitive

A

type of touch screen technology based on glass layers forming a capacitor, where fingers touching the screen cause a change in the electric field

27
Q

Resistive

A

type of touch screen technology
when a finger touches the screen, the glass layer touches the plastic layer, completing the circuit and causing a current to flow at that point

28
Q

Virtual reality headset

A

apparatus worn on the head that covers the eyes like a pair of goggles
gives the user the feeling ‘of being there’ by immersing them totally in the virtual reality experience

29
Q

Sensor

A

input device that reads physical data from its surroundings