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IB Biology > 3.1 Chemical elements and water > Flashcards

3.1 Chemical elements and water Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 most frequently occurring elements in organisms?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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2
Q

Other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, what other elements do organisms need?

A 
Sulfur
Calcium
Phosphorus
Iron
Sodium
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3
Q

What is the role of sulfur in prokaryotes?

A

Proteins

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4
Q

What is the role of sulfur in plants?

A

Proteins

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5
Q

What is the role of sulfur in animals?

A

Proteins

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6
Q

What is the role of calcium in prokaryotes?

A

Flagella movement

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7
Q

What is the role of calcium in plants?

A

Forms cell plate during cytokinesis

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8
Q

What is the role of calcium in animals?

A

Shells, bones and teeth; vesicle fusion to membranes

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9
Q

What is the role of phosphorus in prokaryotes?

A

Nucleic acids and ATP

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10
Q

What is the role of phosphorus in plants?

A

Nucleic acids and ATP

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11
Q

What is the role of phosphorus in animals?

A

Nucleic acids and ATP

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12
Q

What is the role of iron in prokaryotes?

A

Cytochrome - used in respiration

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13
Q

What is the role of iron in plants?

A

Cytochromes - used in mitochondrial respiration

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14
Q

What is the role of iron in animals?

A

Cytochromes - used in mitochondrial respiration; haemoglobin

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15
Q

What is the role of sodium in prokaryotes?

A

Moving the flagellum

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16
Q

What is the role of sodium in plants?

A

Main cation in the cytoplasm

17
Q

What is the role of sodium in animals?

A

Transmission of nerve impulses

18
Q

Give 3 examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, galactose, fructose

19
Q

Give 3 examples of disaccharides

A

Maltose (glucose + glucose)
Lactose (glucose + galactose)
Sucrose (glucose + fructose)

20
Q

Give 3 examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch, glycogen and cellulose

All are poly-glucose

21
Q

State the function of glucose in animals

A

Broken down in respiration to release energy

22
Q

State the function of lactose in animals

A

Sugar in milk produced by animals

23
Q

State the function of glycogen in animals

A

Energy store in liver and skeletal muscles

24
Q

State the function of fructose in plants

A

Energy source and component of sucrose

25
Q

State the function of sucrose in plants

A

Unreactive, and so is transported around the plant

26
Q

State the function of cellulose in plants

A

Main component of the cell wall

27
Q

State some functions of lipids

A

Cuticle on leaf to prevent water loss
Thermal insulation in animals as sub-cutaneous fat
Energy store in plants and animals
Oil on fur or feathers for water proofing
Main component of myelin sheath of neurons
Buoyancy in aquatic animals as lipids are less dense than water

IB Biology (11 decks)

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