2.3 Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 1

Site of protein synthesis

Question 2

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 2

Store of hydrolysing enzymes that are released if the cell dies; also used by phagocytes to digest ingested particles

Question 3

What is the function of the rER?

Answer 3

Transport and packing into vesicles of protein synthesised by the attached ribosomes

Question 4

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 4

Involved in spindle fibre formation during cell division

Question 5

What is the function of the nuclear pores?

Answer 5

Allows exchange of substances between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

Question 6

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus and vesicles?

Answer 6

Modifies and repacks proteins from the rER into vesicles

Question 7

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 7

Site of oxidative or aerobic respiration

Question 8

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 8

Contains chromosomes that carry the genetic information

Question 9

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 9

A double membrane with nuclear pores to allow exchange between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm

Question 10

What are two examples of extracellular components?

Answer 10

Cellulose cell wall (plants) and secreted glycoproteins from the extracellular matrix (animals)

Question 11

What are the functions of the cellulose cell wall?

Answer 11

Maintains shape
Prevents excessive water uptake by osmosis
Supports plant against force of gravity

Question 12

What are the functions of secreted glycoproteins from the ECM?

Answer 12

Support - bone and cartilage cells embed in the matrix
Adhesion - skin cells sit on proteoglycan (which is a combination of protein and polysaccharide)
Movement