3.1 Cardiopulmonary Flashcards
Coronary Arteries
the arteries that supply blood to the heart
Left Coronary Artery (Left Main)
supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle
Left Anterior Descending Artery
the largest coronary artery supplying over 50% of the blood to the heart. It branches from the left main coronary artery, which carries oxygenated blood to the left front side of your heart.
Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) is also known as the
Anterior interventricular branch
If it becomes block it is known as the Widow Maker
Circumflex Artery
Branches off the left coronary artery and surrounds the heart; supplies blood to the outer side and back of the heart
Right Coronary artery
supplies blood to the right ventricle; right atrium and sinoatrial node (SA)and atrioventricular node (AV)
SA node
Sinoatrial node; pacemaker
AV node
Atrioventricular node; electrical conduction of the heart
What muscle type is responsible for pumping blood from the heart.
Cardiac Muscle
What muscle type found in veins are responsible for contracting and dilating to regulate blood flow?
Smooth Muscle
What muscle type helps fill blood vessels by contracting?
Skeletal Muscle
See Pic page 5
Varicose veins
swelling of superficial veins usually in the legs
the arteries that supply blood to the heart
Coronary Arteries
supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle
Left Coronary Artery (Left Main)
the largest coronary artery supplying over 50% of the blood to the heart. It branches from the left main coronary artery, which carries oxygenated blood to the left front side of your heart.
Left Anterior Descending Artery
Branches off the left coronary artery and surrounds the heart; supplies blood to the outer side and back of the heart
Circumflex Artery
supplies blood to the right ventricle; right atrium and sinoatrial node (SA)and atrioventricular node (AV)
Right Coronary Artery
What is the structure of an artery
Thick, elastic, muscular walls
What is the structure of a vein
Thin walls with few elastic fibers
Capillary gas exchange
one cell thick allowing gas to passthrough
Cardiovascular System
the system responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying CO2 and other waste products away from the body
Heart rate
A measure of Cardiac activity usually expressed in numbers of beats per minute
Pulse
The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction
Blood Pressure
the pressure that blood exerts upon the walls of blood vessels especially arteries
what is blood pressure measured with
Sphygmomanometer and expressed in mm Hg
Systolic Pressure
Pressure in the arteries when the body undergoes systole
Systole
the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries
Diastole
the relaxation and dilation of the chambers of the heart and especially the ventricles during which they fill with blood
Diastolic Pressure
Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes and the chambers fill with blood
Sphygmomanometer
An instrument used for measuring blood pressure especially arterial blood pressure
Cardiac Output
A measure of how much blood is pumped by both ventricles in one minute
Heart Rate
A count of how many times the heart beats in a minute; quantified BPM
Stroke Volume
The amount of blood being pumped out of the heart with each heartbeat; Quantified as ml per beat
Average Stroke Volume
75 ml/ beat
Blood Pressure
Normal
Prehypertension
Hypertension 1
Hypertension 2
Hypertension Crisis
120/80 or less
120-129/80
130-139/80-89
140/90 or higher
180/120
Pulse points in the body
Carotid
Femoral
brachial
radial
ulnar
popliteal
dorsalis pedis
ABI Page 10
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Narrowing or blocking of vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs maybe the first warning sign of atherosclerosis
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
Systolic pressure at the ankle divided by the systolic pressure in the arm
Thick, elastic, muscular walls
Structure of Artery
Thin walls with few elastic fibers
Structure of vein
the system responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying CO2 and other waste products away from the body
Cardiovascular System
The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction
Pulse
the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries
Systole
the relaxation and dilation of the chambers of the heart and especially the ventricles during which they fill with blood
Diastole
A measure of how much blood is pumped by both ventricles in one minute
Cardiac output
Narrowing or blocking of vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs maybe the first warning sign of atherosclerosis
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Electrocardiogram
A measurement of heart electrical activity
P-R Interval
Time from the beginning of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex measured in ms/s
QRS Complex
time from the Q defection to the S deflection measured in ms/s
the ventricles depolarize and prepare to contract the atria polarize but can’t be seen on EKG as QRS complex masks repolarization
Q-T Interval
time from the Q defection to the end of the T wave measured in ms/s
Systolic Pressure
Pressure in the arteries when the heart undergoes systole (heart contractions)
S-T Interval shows
When the ventricles contract (pumping blood)
T Wave
Ventricles repolarize and relax
P Wave
when the atria are full of blood the SA node fires sending an electrical signal throughout the atrium causing them to depolarize and contract
PQ Segment
Signal travels from the SA node to the AV node (AV node fires)
see page 15
AED (Automated External Defibrillator)
Used to shock the heart back into rhythm
consequences of untreated heart arrhythmia
stroke, heart failure cardiac arrest
see page 18. 19. 20,21
Role of nose
filter air by trapping dirt and microbes in mucous and hair; also warms the air
Role of Pharynx and Trachea
passage way through which air moves to the lungs
Larynx
voice box; sits on top of the trachea; Adam’s Apple
Bronchi and Bronchioles
Bring air from the trachea into the lungs; Bronchi branch into bronchioles
Alveoli
Thin-walled air sacs that extend from the bronchioles and are wrapped in capillaries; the place where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
Diaphragm
A muscle that moves down when contracted to allow the lungs to expand; and moves up when relaxed to push air from the lungs
A measurement of heart electrical activity
Electrocardiogram
Time from the beginning of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex measured in ms/s
P-R Interval
time from the Q defection to the S deflection measured in ms/s
the ventricles depolarize and prepare to contract the atria polarize but can’t be seen on EKG as QRS complex masks repolarization
QRS Complex
time from the Q defection to the end of the T wave measured in ms/s
QT Interval
Pressure in the arteries when the heart undergoes systole (heart contractions)
Systolic Pressure
When the ventricles contract (pumping blood)
S-T Interval
Ventricles repolarize and relax
T Wave
when the atria are full of blood the SA node fires sending an electrical signal throughout the atrium causing them to depolarize and contract
P Wave
Signal travels from the SA node to the AV node (AV node fires)
PQ Segment
Used to shock the heart back into rhythm
AED
filter air by trapping dirt and microbes in mucous and hair; also warms the air
Nose
passage way through which air moves to the lungs
Pharynx and Trachea
voice box; sits on top of the trachea; Adam’s Apple
Larynx
Bring air from the trachea into the lungs; Bronchi branch into bronchioles
Bronchi and Bronchioles
Thin-walled air sacs that extend from the bronchioles and are wrapped in capillaries; the place where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
Alveoli
A muscle that moves down when contracted to allow the lungs to expand; and moves up when relaxed to push air from the lungs
Diaphragm