1.1 Bones Flashcards
1
Q
Directional Terms
A
Words that describe the location of one structure in relationship to another or specific locations on an organ or bone.
2
Q
Regional Terms
A
Words that describe specific regions or locations on the body
3
Q
Body Planes
A
Words that act like a coordinate system to describe a human in the anatomical position
4
Q
Anatomical Planes
A
A hypothetical plane used to intersect the body in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movement.
5
Q
Axillary Skeleton
A
The head and trunk portion of the skeleton
6
Q
Appendicular Skeleton
A
The part of the skeleton containing the limbs, pelvis, and shoulder blades
7
Q
Name the 4 planes
A
Coronal Plane
Median Plane
Sagittal Plane
Transverse Plane
8
Q
What are the two subcategories of the Dorsal Cavity?
A
Cranial Cavity
Vertebral Cavity
9
Q
What are the two subcategories of the Ventral Cavity?
A
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominal/Pelvic Cavity
10
Q
What separates the Thoracic Cavity from the Abdominal/Pelvic Cavity?
A
Diaphragm
11
Q
Cell
A
smallest unit of life
12
Q
Tissue
A
An integrated group of cells with a common function or structure
13
Q
Organs
A
A collection of tissues in an organism that performs a specific function
14
Q
Organs System
A
A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions
15
Q
Histology
A
The study of the microscopic anatomy of tissue
AKA Microanatomy
16
Q
Another name for Microanatomy
A
Histology
17
Q
Physiology
A
The way in which a living organism or body part function
18
Q
Words that describe the location of one structure in relationship to another or specific locations on an organ or bone.
A
Directional Terms
19
Q
Words that describe specific regions or locations on the body
A
Regional Terms
20
Q
Words that act like a coordinate system to describe a human in the anatomical position
A
Body Planes
21
Q
A hypothetical plane used to intersect the body in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movement.
A
Anatomical Planes
22
Q
The head and trunk portion of the skeleton
A
Axillary Skeleton
23
Q
The part of the skeleton containing the limbs, pelvis, and shoulder blades
A
Appendicular Skeleton
24
Q
An integrated group of cells with a common function or structure
A
Tissue
25
Smallest unit of life
Cell
26
A collection of tissues in an organism that performs a specific function
Organs
27
A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions
Organ System
28
The study of the microscopic anatomy of tissue
AKA Microanatomy
Histology
29
The way in which a living organism or body part function
Physiology
30
What are the 4 main types of tissue
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle
31
What is the main function of epithelial tissue and where is it found?
Protection
Skin
32
Main function of Connective tissue
Support
33
Main function of Nervous tissue
Communication
34
Main function of muscle tissue
Movement
35
What type of tissue makes up tendons and what are their function
connective tissue
connect muscle to bone
36
What type of tissue makes up ligament and what are their function
Connective tissue
connect bone to bone
37
What type of tissue makes up the cartilage and function
Connective tissue
protects bones
38
What type of tissue makes up adipose tissue and function
Connective tissue
cushioning
39
What type of tissue makes up blood tissue and function
Connective tissue
delivery
40
What type of tissue makes up bone and function
Connective tissue
structure
41
What type of tissue makes up neurons and function
Nervous tissue
send and receive
42
Three type of muscle tissue
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
43
Type of involuntary muscle
smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
44
Type of voluntary muscle
skeletal muscle
45
Orbicularis oculi
sphincter muscle around the upper and lower eyelids; contraction closes the eye
46
Orbicularis oris
Attaches to dermis of upper and lower lip where many facial muscle attach
47
Temporallis
Mostly covers the temporal bone and helps open and close the lower jaw and move it side to side
48
Compact bone
a solid and hard bone that makes up the outer layer of all bones and the shaft of long bones
49
Spongy bone
a porous bone found in mammals containing red bone marrow
50
Flat bone
spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone; have marrow but not cavity
51
Examples of flat bone
skull, frontal nasal; thoracic cage, pelvis
51
Long bone
shaft and two ends
longer than wide
thick outer layer with marrow filled cavity
52
Irregular bone
thin layer of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone, and don't fit any other description
53
Short bone
roughly a cube shape bone
carpal and tarsals
54
only bone not connected to other bones
Hyoid
55
Radiology
a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease
56
fracture
a crack or break in a bone
57
compression force
occurs when a physical force presses inward on an object causing it to become compacted
58
osteoblast
a bone forming cell
59
osteoclasts
any of the large multinucleated cells closely associated with areas of bone resorption (healing fracture)
responsible for break down and reabsorption of bone
60
callus
fibrous tissues and cartilage that replaces the blood clot at the fracture site
61
xray
a type of radiation that uses electromagnetic waves to produce an image of the bones (inside of the body) in black and white
62
Ultrasound
imaging the uses sound waves to produce a picture of the inside of the body
63
MRI
Imaging that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate an image
64
a solid and hard bone that makes up the outer layer of all bones and the shaft of long bones
Compact bone
65
a porous bone found in mammals containing red bone marrow
spongy bone
66
spongy bone between two thin layers of bone; have marrow but not cavity
flat bone
67
type of bone where shaft and two ends
longer than wide
thick outer layer with marrow filled cavity
Long bone
68
thin layer of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone, and don't fit any other description
Irregular bone
69
roughly a cube shape bone
carpal and tarsals
short bone
70
a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease
Radiology
71
a crack or break in a bone
fracture
72
occurs when a physical force presses inward on an object causing it to become compacted
compression force
73
bone forming cell
osteoblast
74
cell that breaks down and helps with reabsorbing of the cell
Osteoclast
75
fibrous tissues and cartilage that replaces the blood clot at the fracture site
callus
76
a type of radiation that uses electromagnetic waves to produce an image of the bones (inside of the body) in black and white
xray
77
imaging the uses sound waves to produce a picture of the inside of the body
ultrasound
78
Imaging that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate an image
MRI
79
Comminuted Fracture
Bones are broken into more than three pieces
80
Transverse Fracture
Break running horizonal/perpendicular to the bone; affect long bones
81
Spiral Bone Fracture
Break caused by a twisting motion; creates a fracture line that wraps around the bone
82
Steps for fracture repair
Hematoma Formation
Fibrocartilage Callus
Boney Callus Formation
Bone Remodeling
83
Anatomy of the femur PG 43
84
Muscle
an organ composed of one of the three types of fibrous tissue, specialized for contraction to produce voluntary or involuntary movement
85
skeletal muscle
an organ composed of one of the three types of fibrous tissue, specialized for contraction to produce voluntary or involuntary movement
86
smooth muscle
specialized for contraction located in the walls of the hollow internal organs and innervated by the autonomic motor neurons
87
Cardiac Muscle
striated muscle fibers stimulated by the intrinsic conduction system and autonomic motor neurons
88
tendon
a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching muscle to bone
89
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A compound of adenosine and three phosphates; supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes
90
Sarcomere
any of the repeating structural units of striated muscle fibrils
91
actin
a contractile protein that is pot of the thin filaments in the muscle fiber
92
Myosin
contractile protein that makes up the thick filaments of muscle fibers
93
Sliding Filament Theory
the explanation of how thick and thin filaments slide relative to one another during striated muscle contraction to decrease sarcomere length
94
Troponin
A protein of muscles that together with tropomyosin forms a regulatory protein complex controlling the interaction of actin and myosin when activated by calcium it permits a muscle contraction
95
Tropomyosin
A protein of muscle that forms a complex with troponin regulating the interaction of actin and myosin in muscular contraction
96
Bones are broken into more than three pieces
Comminuted Fracture
97
Break running horizonal/perpendicular to the bone; affect long bones
Transverse Fracture
98
Break caused by a twisting motion; creates a fracture line that wraps around the bone
Spiral Bone Fracture
99
an organ composed of one of the three types of fibrous tissue, specialized for contraction to produce voluntary or involuntary movement
Muscle
100
an organ composed of one of the three types of fibrous tissue, specialized for contraction to produce voluntary or involuntary movement
Skeletal Muscle
101
specialized for contraction located in the walls of the hollow internal organs and innervated by the autonomic motor neurons
Smooth muscle
102
striated muscle fibers stimulated by the intrinsic conduction system and autonomic motor neurons
Cardiac Muscle
103
a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching muscle to bone
tendon
104
A compound of adenosine and three phosphates; supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes
ATP
105
any of the repeating structural units of striated muscle fibrils
Sarcomere
106
a contractile protein that is pot of the thin filaments in the muscle fiber
Actin
107
contractile protein that makes up the thick filaments of muscle fibers
Myosin
108
the explanation of how thick and thin filaments slide relative to one another during striated muscle contraction to decrease sarcomere length
Sliding Filament Theory
109
A protein of muscles that together with tropomyosin forms a regulatory protein complex controlling the interaction of actin and myosin when activated by calcium it permits a muscle contraction
Troponin
110
A protein of muscle that forms a complex with troponin regulating the interaction of actin and myosin in muscular contraction
Tropomyosin
111
Striated voluntary muscle
Skeletal
112
Striated involuntary muscle
Cardiac
113
Non Striated involuntary muscle
smooth
114
Formula for % contraction
(Original Length - Final Length) / Original length x 100
115
Endomyosium
The delicate connective tissue surrounding the individual muscular fibers within the smallest bundles
116
epimysium
the external connective tissue sheath of a muscle
117
perimysium
The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths for the bundles of muscle fibers
118
fascicle
a small bundle or cluster especially of nerve or muscle fibers
119
myofibril
a threadlike structure extending longitudinally through a muscle fiber consisting mainly of thick filaments and thin filaments
120
Muscle rules pg 51
121
What dictates how a muscle with move?
origin
insertion
striations
122
Regarding muscles: the ___________ is the anchor and the ______ is the part that moves
origin insertion
123
Grade 2 tear
a partial tear resulting in pain, loss of strength and movement
124
Occupational Therapy
Medical treatment that improves a patients ability to perform activities of daily living
125
Muscle Fatigue
A decrease in the force or power output of a muscle
126
The delicate connective tissue surrounding the individual muscular fibers within the smallest bundles
Endomyosium
127
the external connective tissue sheath of a muscle
Epmyosium
128
The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths for the bundles of muscle fibers
Perimyosium
129
a small bundle or cluster especially of nerve or muscle fibers
fascicle
130
a threadlike structure extending longitudinally through a muscle fiber consisting mainly of thick filaments and thin filaments
myofibril
131
a partial muscle tear resulting in pain, loss of strength and movement
Grade 2 tear
132
Medical treatment that improves a patients ability to perform activities of daily living
Occupational Therapy
133
A decrease in the force or power output of a muscle
Muscle Fatigue
134
joint
the location in the body where two or more bones meet
135
fibrous joint
a fixed or immovable joint that connects bones primarily made of collagen
136
cartilaginous joint
a joint that has some motion to it with hyaline cartilage present in the space between articulating bones
137
synovial joint
a moveable joint that contains synovial fluid in the space around it tot reduce friction; most common type of joint in the body
138
range of motion
the range through which a joint can be moved
139
cartilage
flexible connective tissue that provides shape and support to various body parts and cushions bones allowing for movement and flexibility
140
articular (hyaline) cartilage
attaches to articular bone structures
141
Elastic cartilage
a sponge yellow elastic network of fibers that provide support to the structure
142
fibrocartilage
the strongest type of cartilage that provides support, rigidity, and cushioning to parts of the body
143
Saddle joint
a type of synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex
144
Ball and socket joint
a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone
145
Two ball and socket joints in the human body
glenohumeral and hip
146
Condyloid joint
a type of synovial joint where the articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity sitting within an ellipsoidal cavity of the other bone
examples: metacarpophalangeal and radiocarpal
147
Plane joint
gliding joint that is a synovial joint between the flat surfaces of two or more bones
examples: intercarpal joint and intertarsal joints
148
Hinge joints
synovial joint between the rounded shape of one bone and the trough of another bone
example: elbow
149
Pivot joint
synovial joint where a cylinder shape bone rotates in a ring
150
the location in the body where two or more bones meet
joint
151
a fixed or immovable joint that connects bones primarily made of collagen
fibrous joint
152
a joint that has some motion to it with hyaline cartilage present in the space between articulating bones
caliginous joint
153
a moveable joint that contains synovial fluid in the space around it tot reduce friction; most common type of joint in the body
synovial joint
154
the range through which a joint can be moved
range of motion
155
flexible connective tissue that provides shape and support to various body parts and cushions bones allowing for movement and flexibility
cartilage
156
attaches to articular bone structures
articular (hyaline) cartilage
157
a sponge yellow elastic network of fibers that provide support to the structure
elastic cartilage
158
the strongest type of cartilage that provides support, rigidity, and cushioning to parts of the body
fibrocartilage
159
a type of synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex
saddle joint
160
a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone
ball and socket joint
161
a type of synovial joint where the articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity sitting within an ellipsoidal cavity of the other bone
examples: metacarpophalangeal and radiocarpal
condyloid joint
162
gliding joint that is a synovial joint between the flat surfaces of two or more bones
examples: intercarpal joint and intertarsal joints
plane joint
163
synovial joint between the rounded shape of one bone and the trough of another bone
example: elbow
hinge joint
164
synovial joint where a cylinder shape bone rotates in a ring
pivot joint
