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HBS > 1.1 Bones > Flashcards

1.1 Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Directional Terms

A

Words that describe the location of one structure in relationship to another or specific locations on an organ or bone.

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2
Q

Regional Terms

A

Words that describe specific regions or locations on the body

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3
Q

Body Planes

A

Words that act like a coordinate system to describe a human in the anatomical position

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4
Q

Anatomical Planes

A

A hypothetical plane used to intersect the body in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movement.

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5
Q

Axillary Skeleton

A

The head and trunk portion of the skeleton

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6
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

The part of the skeleton containing the limbs, pelvis, and shoulder blades

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7
Q

Name the 4 planes

A

Coronal Plane
Median Plane
Sagittal Plane
Transverse Plane

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8
Q

What are the two subcategories of the Dorsal Cavity?

A

Cranial Cavity
Vertebral Cavity

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9
Q

What are the two subcategories of the Ventral Cavity?

A

Thoracic Cavity
Abdominal/Pelvic Cavity

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10
Q

What separates the Thoracic Cavity from the Abdominal/Pelvic Cavity?

A

Diaphragm

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11
Q

Cell

A

smallest unit of life

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12
Q

Tissue

A

An integrated group of cells with a common function or structure

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13
Q

Organs

A

A collection of tissues in an organism that performs a specific function

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14
Q

Organs System

A

A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

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15
Q

Histology

A

The study of the microscopic anatomy of tissue
AKA Microanatomy

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16
Q

Another name for Microanatomy

A

Histology

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17
Q

Physiology

A

The way in which a living organism or body part function

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18
Q

Words that describe the location of one structure in relationship to another or specific locations on an organ or bone.

A

Directional Terms

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19
Q

Words that describe specific regions or locations on the body

A

Regional Terms

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20
Q

Words that act like a coordinate system to describe a human in the anatomical position

A

Body Planes

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21
Q

A hypothetical plane used to intersect the body in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movement.

A

Anatomical Planes

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22
Q

The head and trunk portion of the skeleton

A

Axillary Skeleton

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23
Q

The part of the skeleton containing the limbs, pelvis, and shoulder blades

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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24
Q

An integrated group of cells with a common function or structure

A

Tissue

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25
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Cell

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26
Q

A collection of tissues in an organism that performs a specific function

A

Organs

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27
Q

A group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

A

Organ System

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28
Q

The study of the microscopic anatomy of tissue
AKA Microanatomy

A

Histology

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29
Q

The way in which a living organism or body part function

A

Physiology

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30
Q

What are the 4 main types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

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31
Q

What is the main function of epithelial tissue and where is it found?

A

Protection
Skin

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32
Q

Main function of Connective tissue

A

Support

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33
Q

Main function of Nervous tissue

A

Communication

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34
Q

Main function of muscle tissue

A

Movement

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35
Q

What type of tissue makes up tendons and what are their function

A

connective tissue
connect muscle to bone

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36
Q

What type of tissue makes up ligament and what are their function

A

Connective tissue
connect bone to bone

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37
Q

What type of tissue makes up the cartilage and function

A

Connective tissue
protects bones

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38
Q

What type of tissue makes up adipose tissue and function

A

Connective tissue
cushioning

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39
Q

What type of tissue makes up blood tissue and function

A

Connective tissue
delivery

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40
Q

What type of tissue makes up bone and function

A

Connective tissue
structure

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41
Q

What type of tissue makes up neurons and function

A

Nervous tissue
send and receive

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42
Q

Three type of muscle tissue

A

smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle

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43
Q

Type of involuntary muscle

A

smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

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44
Q

Type of voluntary muscle

A

skeletal muscle

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45
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

sphincter muscle around the upper and lower eyelids; contraction closes the eye

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46
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Attaches to dermis of upper and lower lip where many facial muscle attach

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47
Q

Temporallis

A

Mostly covers the temporal bone and helps open and close the lower jaw and move it side to side

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48
Q

Compact bone

A

a solid and hard bone that makes up the outer layer of all bones and the shaft of long bones

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49
Q

Spongy bone

A

a porous bone found in mammals containing red bone marrow

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50
Q

Flat bone

A

spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone; have marrow but not cavity

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51
Q

Examples of flat bone

A

skull, frontal nasal; thoracic cage, pelvis

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51
Q

Long bone

A

shaft and two ends
longer than wide
thick outer layer with marrow filled cavity

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52
Q

Irregular bone

A

thin layer of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone, and don’t fit any other description

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53
Q

Short bone

A

roughly a cube shape bone
carpal and tarsals

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54
Q

only bone not connected to other bones

A

Hyoid

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55
Q

Radiology

A

a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease

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56
Q

fracture

A

a crack or break in a bone

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57
Q

compression force

A

occurs when a physical force presses inward on an object causing it to become compacted

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58
Q

osteoblast

A

a bone forming cell

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59
Q

osteoclasts

A

any of the large multinucleated cells closely associated with areas of bone resorption (healing fracture)
responsible for break down and reabsorption of bone

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60
Q

callus

A

fibrous tissues and cartilage that replaces the blood clot at the fracture site

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61
Q

xray

A

a type of radiation that uses electromagnetic waves to produce an image of the bones (inside of the body) in black and white

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62
Q

Ultrasound

A

imaging the uses sound waves to produce a picture of the inside of the body

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63
Q

MRI

A

Imaging that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate an image

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64
Q

a solid and hard bone that makes up the outer layer of all bones and the shaft of long bones

A

Compact bone

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65
Q

a porous bone found in mammals containing red bone marrow

A

spongy bone

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66
Q

spongy bone between two thin layers of bone; have marrow but not cavity

A

flat bone

67
Q

type of bone where shaft and two ends
longer than wide
thick outer layer with marrow filled cavity

A

Long bone

68
Q

thin layer of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone, and don’t fit any other description

A

Irregular bone

69
Q

roughly a cube shape bone
carpal and tarsals

A

short bone

70
Q

a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease

A

Radiology

71
Q

a crack or break in a bone

A

fracture

72
Q

occurs when a physical force presses inward on an object causing it to become compacted

A

compression force

73
Q

bone forming cell

A

osteoblast

74
Q

cell that breaks down and helps with reabsorbing of the cell

A

Osteoclast

75
Q

fibrous tissues and cartilage that replaces the blood clot at the fracture site

A

callus

76
Q

a type of radiation that uses electromagnetic waves to produce an image of the bones (inside of the body) in black and white

A

xray

77
Q

imaging the uses sound waves to produce a picture of the inside of the body

A

ultrasound

78
Q

Imaging that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate an image

A

MRI

79
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Bones are broken into more than three pieces

80
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Break running horizonal/perpendicular to the bone; affect long bones

81
Q

Spiral Bone Fracture

A

Break caused by a twisting motion; creates a fracture line that wraps around the bone

82
Q

Steps for fracture repair

A

Hematoma Formation
Fibrocartilage Callus
Boney Callus Formation
Bone Remodeling

83
Q

Anatomy of the femur PG 43

A
84
Q

Muscle

A

an organ composed of one of the three types of fibrous tissue, specialized for contraction to produce voluntary or involuntary movement

85
Q

skeletal muscle

A

an organ composed of one of the three types of fibrous tissue, specialized for contraction to produce voluntary or involuntary movement

86
Q

smooth muscle

A

specialized for contraction located in the walls of the hollow internal organs and innervated by the autonomic motor neurons

87
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

striated muscle fibers stimulated by the intrinsic conduction system and autonomic motor neurons

88
Q

tendon

A

a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching muscle to bone

89
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

A compound of adenosine and three phosphates; supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes

90
Q

Sarcomere

A

any of the repeating structural units of striated muscle fibrils

91
Q

actin

A

a contractile protein that is pot of the thin filaments in the muscle fiber

92
Q

Myosin

A

contractile protein that makes up the thick filaments of muscle fibers

93
Q

Sliding Filament Theory

A

the explanation of how thick and thin filaments slide relative to one another during striated muscle contraction to decrease sarcomere length

94
Q

Troponin

A

A protein of muscles that together with tropomyosin forms a regulatory protein complex controlling the interaction of actin and myosin when activated by calcium it permits a muscle contraction

95
Q

Tropomyosin

A

A protein of muscle that forms a complex with troponin regulating the interaction of actin and myosin in muscular contraction

96
Q

Bones are broken into more than three pieces

A

Comminuted Fracture

97
Q

Break running horizonal/perpendicular to the bone; affect long bones

A

Transverse Fracture

98
Q

Break caused by a twisting motion; creates a fracture line that wraps around the bone

A

Spiral Bone Fracture

99
Q

an organ composed of one of the three types of fibrous tissue, specialized for contraction to produce voluntary or involuntary movement

A

Muscle

100
Q

an organ composed of one of the three types of fibrous tissue, specialized for contraction to produce voluntary or involuntary movement

A

Skeletal Muscle

101
Q

specialized for contraction located in the walls of the hollow internal organs and innervated by the autonomic motor neurons

A

Smooth muscle

102
Q

striated muscle fibers stimulated by the intrinsic conduction system and autonomic motor neurons

A

Cardiac Muscle

103
Q

a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching muscle to bone

A

tendon

104
Q

A compound of adenosine and three phosphates; supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes

A

ATP

105
Q

any of the repeating structural units of striated muscle fibrils

A

Sarcomere

106
Q

a contractile protein that is pot of the thin filaments in the muscle fiber

A

Actin

107
Q

contractile protein that makes up the thick filaments of muscle fibers

A

Myosin

108
Q

the explanation of how thick and thin filaments slide relative to one another during striated muscle contraction to decrease sarcomere length

A

Sliding Filament Theory

109
Q

A protein of muscles that together with tropomyosin forms a regulatory protein complex controlling the interaction of actin and myosin when activated by calcium it permits a muscle contraction

A

Troponin

110
Q

A protein of muscle that forms a complex with troponin regulating the interaction of actin and myosin in muscular contraction

A

Tropomyosin

111
Q

Striated voluntary muscle

A

Skeletal

112
Q

Striated involuntary muscle

A

Cardiac

113
Q

Non Striated involuntary muscle

A

smooth

114
Q

Formula for % contraction

A

(Original Length - Final Length) / Original length x 100

115
Q

Endomyosium

A

The delicate connective tissue surrounding the individual muscular fibers within the smallest bundles

116
Q

epimysium

A

the external connective tissue sheath of a muscle

117
Q

perimysium

A

The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths for the bundles of muscle fibers

118
Q

fascicle

A

a small bundle or cluster especially of nerve or muscle fibers

119
Q

myofibril

A

a threadlike structure extending longitudinally through a muscle fiber consisting mainly of thick filaments and thin filaments

120
Q

Muscle rules pg 51

A
121
Q

What dictates how a muscle with move?

A

origin
insertion
striations

122
Q

Regarding muscles: the ___________ is the anchor and the ______ is the part that moves

A

origin insertion

123
Q

Grade 2 tear

A

a partial tear resulting in pain, loss of strength and movement

124
Q

Occupational Therapy

A

Medical treatment that improves a patients ability to perform activities of daily living

125
Q

Muscle Fatigue

A

A decrease in the force or power output of a muscle

126
Q

The delicate connective tissue surrounding the individual muscular fibers within the smallest bundles

A

Endomyosium

127
Q

the external connective tissue sheath of a muscle

A

Epmyosium

128
Q

The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle and forms sheaths for the bundles of muscle fibers

A

Perimyosium

129
Q

a small bundle or cluster especially of nerve or muscle fibers

A

fascicle

130
Q

a threadlike structure extending longitudinally through a muscle fiber consisting mainly of thick filaments and thin filaments

A

myofibril

131
Q

a partial muscle tear resulting in pain, loss of strength and movement

A

Grade 2 tear

132
Q

Medical treatment that improves a patients ability to perform activities of daily living

A

Occupational Therapy

133
Q

A decrease in the force or power output of a muscle

A

Muscle Fatigue

134
Q

joint

A

the location in the body where two or more bones meet

135
Q

fibrous joint

A

a fixed or immovable joint that connects bones primarily made of collagen

136
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

a joint that has some motion to it with hyaline cartilage present in the space between articulating bones

137
Q

synovial joint

A

a moveable joint that contains synovial fluid in the space around it tot reduce friction; most common type of joint in the body

138
Q

range of motion

A

the range through which a joint can be moved

139
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue that provides shape and support to various body parts and cushions bones allowing for movement and flexibility

140
Q

articular (hyaline) cartilage

A

attaches to articular bone structures

141
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

a sponge yellow elastic network of fibers that provide support to the structure

142
Q

fibrocartilage

A

the strongest type of cartilage that provides support, rigidity, and cushioning to parts of the body

143
Q

Saddle joint

A

a type of synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex

144
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone

145
Q

Two ball and socket joints in the human body

A

glenohumeral and hip

146
Q

Condyloid joint

A

a type of synovial joint where the articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity sitting within an ellipsoidal cavity of the other bone
examples: metacarpophalangeal and radiocarpal

147
Q

Plane joint

A

gliding joint that is a synovial joint between the flat surfaces of two or more bones
examples: intercarpal joint and intertarsal joints

148
Q

Hinge joints

A

synovial joint between the rounded shape of one bone and the trough of another bone
example: elbow

149
Q

Pivot joint

A

synovial joint where a cylinder shape bone rotates in a ring

150
Q

the location in the body where two or more bones meet

A

joint

151
Q

a fixed or immovable joint that connects bones primarily made of collagen

A

fibrous joint

152
Q

a joint that has some motion to it with hyaline cartilage present in the space between articulating bones

A

caliginous joint

153
Q

a moveable joint that contains synovial fluid in the space around it tot reduce friction; most common type of joint in the body

A

synovial joint

154
Q

the range through which a joint can be moved

A

range of motion

155
Q

flexible connective tissue that provides shape and support to various body parts and cushions bones allowing for movement and flexibility

A

cartilage

156
Q

attaches to articular bone structures

A

articular (hyaline) cartilage

157
Q

a sponge yellow elastic network of fibers that provide support to the structure

A

elastic cartilage

158
Q

the strongest type of cartilage that provides support, rigidity, and cushioning to parts of the body

A

fibrocartilage

159
Q

a type of synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex

A

saddle joint

160
Q

a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone

A

ball and socket joint

161
Q

a type of synovial joint where the articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity sitting within an ellipsoidal cavity of the other bone
examples: metacarpophalangeal and radiocarpal

A

condyloid joint

162
Q

gliding joint that is a synovial joint between the flat surfaces of two or more bones
examples: intercarpal joint and intertarsal joints

A

plane joint

163
Q

synovial joint between the rounded shape of one bone and the trough of another bone
example: elbow

A

hinge joint

164
Q

synovial joint where a cylinder shape bone rotates in a ring

A

pivot joint

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