3.1 Biological molecules Flashcards
what are the 5 key molecules?
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic acids
- Water
what is the glucose formula?
C6H12O6
what position is the hydroxide in Alpha glucose?
below the ring plane
what are the three carbohydrates that you need to know?
starch
glycogen
cellulose
what are the two types of starch
amylose
amylopectin
what is the difference between amylose and amylopectin?
amylose is unbranched.
what bond forms between saccharides (glucose)
glycosidic
what type of glucose is cellulose made of and what does i create?
Beta glucose causes hydrogen bonds to form between the unbranched chains.
what is the definition for monosaccharide
a single reducing sugar monomer
what is the definition for a disaccharide
two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond
what is the defenititon for a polysaccharide
many monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds
what is a glycosidic bond made from
two hydroxides
what type of reaction forms glycosidic bonds?
condensation
what type of reaction breaks down glycosidic bonds?
hydrolysis
what is the test for sugars (glucose)
benedicts test
what is the method for the benedicts test for reducing sugars.
-add benedicts solution to iquid sample
- place in water bath at 100 degrees c
take observations every 2 minutes
- positive test = colour change blue -> brick red
what is the method for the benedicts test for non reducing sugars.
- add hydrochloric acid
- incubate (100 degrees) for 2 minutes
- gradually add sodium hydrogen carbonate to sample until no more fizzing.
- check ph with litmus paper
- add benedicts reagent
- incubate
- record observations every two minutes