3.1

Question 1

What’s the most common pathogen in UTI?

Answer 1

E. coli

Question 2

What is Bacteriuria?

Answer 2

Presence of bacteria in urine

Question 3

What is asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

Answer 3

Presence of bacteria in urine in the absence of signs/symptoms

Question 4

What is symptomatic bacteriuria?

Answer 4

Presence of bacteria in urine w/ signs and symptoms of infection

Question 5

What does lower UTI involves?

Answer 5

Bladder, prostate and urethra

Question 6

What is cystitis?

Answer 6

Symptomatic infection of the bladder

Question 7

What body parts do upper UTI involves?

Answer 7

Involves the kidney and ureter

Question 8

What acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 8

Symptomatic infection of kidneys

Question 9

Define Prostatitis?

Answer 9

inflammation of the prostate gland

Question 10

What are common pathogens that cause UTIs in young women’s?

Answer 10

E. coli, Staphylococcus Saphrophyticus (honeymoon bug)

Question 11

What bacteria is most common in UTI related STDs?

Answer 11

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 12

What gender is more prone to getting UTIs? why?

Answer 12

females because of shorter Urethra

Question 13

Where do we get E.coli infections from?

Answer 13

GI fecal flora

Question 14

How are most UTIs caused by Ecoli?

Answer 14

caused by feces that enter the ureter and ascend to the bladder. it can cause inflammation (cystitis)

Question 15

How is Pyelonephritis caused?

Answer 15

Bacteria may ascend to ureter into the kidneys causing Upper UTI (Pyelonephritis)

Question 16

How does ecoli travels?

Answer 16

they possess flagella to enable motility

Question 17

What is fimbriae?

Answer 17

“fingers” it binds to bladder uroepithelia surfaces

Question 18

what are some of the virulence factors of UTI?

Answer 18

Urease: reduction of urea levels in urine
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Lipid A endotoxin that provoke an inflammatory response (i.e., Cytokine release)

Question 19

what are some of the host factors for UTI?

Answer 19

Obstruction: Urine flushing by bladder keep urine bacteria-free obstruction of urinary flow. it increases risk of getting UTI. High levels of bacterial ureases (e.g., Proteus) that can form kidney stones
most patient with a bladder catheter will develop cystitis.

Question 20

FTB: Urine is typically _________ and contains high ____________ concentration that inhibits bacterial growth.

Answer 20

Acidic, High urea.

Question 21

What is prostatitis?

Answer 21

Inflammation of the prostate gland (enlarged) and surrounding tissue due to infection

Question 22

What does PEK usually cause?

Answer 22

Bacterial acute or chronic prostatitis. Most common form is chronic.

Question 23

What type of bacteria most commonly causes Prostatitis?

Answer 23

E. coli

Question 24

what causes Acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 24

Symptomatic infection of kidneys (Usually caused by PEK)

Question 25

Name some of the medications that are primarily eliminated in feces.

Answer 25

Moxifloxacin, Macrolids, Rifampin

Question 26

nosocomial (Hospital Acquired) infections usually have _____________

Answer 26

B-lactamases (Penicillins, Cephlasporinases, ESBLs)

Question 27

How does B-Lactamase effects Cephlasporins?

Answer 27

No effect.

Question 28

T/F? Cephalosporins are not resistant to some Gram-negative B-Lactamases (ESBLs)

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What type of bacteria have ESBLs?

Answer 29

only gram negatives, which destroys all B-lactam antibiotics

Question 30

what can be deactivate by carbapenemases?

Answer 30

Carbapenems ( i know duh stfu)

Question 31

B-lactam resistance is due to what?

Answer 31

destruction by B-lactamases and ineffective binding to PBP2a in MRSA

Question 32

What B-lactam is covers MRSA?

Answer 32

Ceftaroline

Question 33

T/F? Enterococcus/VRE is resistant to Cephalosporins and flouroquinolones.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What is special about Methanamine salts (Urex)

Answer 34

Methanamine component is hydrolyzed to formaldehyde in acid urine with antibacterial activity.