3.1 Flashcards
From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system that is formed in response to antigenic stimulation:
A. Lysozyme
B. Complement
C. Commensal organisms
D. Immunoglobulin
D. Immunoglobulin
Which two organs are considered the primary lymphoid organs in which immunocompetent cells originate and mature?
A. Thyroid and Peyer’s patches
B. Thymus and bone marrow
C. Spleen and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
D. Lymph nodes and thoracic duct
B. Thymus and bone marrow
What type of B cells are formed after antigen stimulation?
A. Plasma cells and memory B cells
B. Mature B cells
C. Antigen-dependent B cells
D. Receptor-activated B cells
A. Plasma cells and memory B cells
T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus for maturation. What is the correct order of the maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus?
A. Bone marrow to the cortex; after thymic education, released back to peripheral circulation
B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex; migration to the medulla; release of mature T cells to secondary lymphoid organs
C. Storage in either the cortex or medulla; release of T cells into the peripheral circulation
D. Activation and selection occur in the medulla; mature T cells are stored in the cortex until activated by antigen
B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex; migration to the medulla; release of mature T cells to secondary lymphoid organs
Which cluster of differentiation (CD) marker appears during the first stage of T-cell development and remains present as an identifying marker for T cells?
A. CD1
B. CD2
C. CD3
D. CD4 or CD8
B. CD2
Which markers are found on mature, peripheral helper T cells?
A. CD1, CD2, CD4
B. CD2, CD3, CD8
C. CD1, CD3, CD4
D. CD2, CD3, CD4
D. CD2, CD3, CD4
Which T cell expresses the CD8 marker and acts specifically to kill tumors or virally infected cells?
A. Helper T
B. T suppressor
C. T cytotoxic
D. T inducer/suppressor
C. T cytotoxic
How are cytotoxic T cells (TC cells) and natural killer (NK) cells similar?
A. Require antibody to be present
B. Effective against virally infected cells
C. Recognize antigen in association with HLA class II markers
D. Do not bind to infected cells
B. Effective against virally infected cells
What is the name of the process by which phagocytic cells are attracted to a substance such as a bacterial peptide?
A. Diapedesis
B. Degranulation
C. Chemotaxis
D. Phagotaxis
C. Chemotaxis
All of the following are immunologic functions of complement except:
A. Induction of an antiviral state
B. Opsonization
C. Chemotaxis
D. Anaphylatoxin formation
A. Induction of an antiviral state
Which complement component is found in both the classic and alternative pathways?
A. C1
B. C4
C. Factor D
D. C3
D. C3
Which immunoglobulin(s) help(s) initiate the classic complement pathway?
A. IgA and IgD
B. IgM only
C. IgG and IgM
D. IgG only
C. IgG and IgM
How is complement activity destroyed in vitro?
A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 min
B. Keeping serum at room temperature of 22°C for 1 hour
C. Heating serum at 37°C for 45 min
D. Freezing serum at 0°C for 24 hours
A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 min
What is the purpose of C3a, C4a, and C5a, the split products of the complement cascade?
A. To bind with specific membrane receptors of lymphocytes and cause release of cytotoxic substances
B. To cause increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils
C. To bind with membrane receptors of macrophages to facilitate phagocytosis and the removal of debris and foreign substances
D. To regulate and degrade membrane cofactor protein after activation by C3 convertase
B. To cause increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils
Which region of the immunoglobulin molecule can bind antigen?
A. Fab
B. Fc
C. CL
D. CH
A. Fab
Which region determines whether an immunoglobulin molecule can fix complement?
A. VH
B. CH
C. VL
D. CL
B. CH
Which immunoglobulin class(es) has (have) a J chain?
A. IgM
B. IgE and IgD
C. IgM and sIgA
D. IgG3 and IgA
C. IgM and sIgA
Which immunoglobulin appears first in the primary immune response?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
B. IgM
Which immunoglobulin appears in highest titer in the secondary response?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
A. IgG
Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
A. IgG
Which immunoglobulin cross links mast cells to release histamine?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
D. IgE
All of the following are functions of immunoglobulins except:
A. Neutralizing toxic substances
B. Facilitating phagocytosis through opsonization
C. Interacting with TC cells to lyse viruses
D. Combining with complement to destroy cellular antigens
C. Interacting with TC cells to lyse viruses
Which of the following cell surface molecules is classified as an MHC class II antigen?
A. HLA-A
B. HLA-B
C. HLA-C
D. HLA-DR
D. HLA-DR
Which MHC class of molecule is necessary for antigen recognition by CD4-positive T cells?
A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. No MHC molecule is necessary for antigen recognition
B. Class II
Which of the following are products of HLA class III genes?
A. T-cell immune receptors
B. HLA-D antigens on immune cells
C. Complement proteins C2, C4, and Factor B
D. Immunoglobulin VL regions
C. Complement proteins C2, C4, and Factor B
What molecule on the surface of most T cells recognizes antigen?
A. IgT, a four-chain molecule that includes the tau heavy chain
B. MHC protein, a two-chain molecule encoded by the HLA region
C. CD3, consisting of six different chains
D. TcR, consisting of two chains, alpha and beta
D. TcR, consisting of two chains, alpha and beta
The T-cell antigen receptor is similar to immunoglobulin molecules in that it:
A. Remains bound to the cell surface and is never secreted
B. Contains V and C regions on each of its chains
C. Binds complement
D. Can cross the placenta and provide protection to a fetus
B. Contains V and C regions on each of its chains
Toll-like receptors are found on which cells?
A. T cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. B cells
D. Large granular lymphocytes
B. Dendritic cells
Macrophages produce which of the following proteins during antigen processing?
A. IL-1 and IL-6
B. γ-Interferon
C. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10
D. Complement components C1 and C3
A. IL-1 and IL-6
A superantigen, such as toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), bypasses the normal antigen processing stage by binding to and cross linking:
A. A portion of an immunoglobulin molecule and complement component C1
B. Toll-like receptors and an MHC class 1 molecule
C. A portion of an immunoglobulin and a portion of a T-cell receptor
D. A portion of a T-cell receptor and an MHC class II molecule
D. A portion of a T-cell receptor and an MHC class II molecule
T regulator cells, responsible for controlling autoimmune antibody production, express which of the following phenotypes?
A. CD3, CD4, CD8
B. CD3, CD8, CD25
C. CD3, CD4, CD25
D. CD8, CD25, CD56
C. CD3, CD4, CD25
