304 Final Exam - CH11: Emotions, Aggression & Stress Flashcards
- ALMOND-shaped nucleus buried in the temporal lobe” the CONTROL CENTER FOR EMOTIONS.
Functions include: fear, aggression & anxiety
amygdala
LESIONS in the amygdala = …
decreased number/intensity of emotions
“LESS EMOTIONS”
[LESION = LESS]
STIMULATING the amygdala leads to ….
Strong emotions
[STIMULATE = STRONG]
What does the Orbital and Medial Prefrontal Cortex do?
lesions = …
REGULATES EMOTIONS according to the circumstances
ERRATIC EMOTIONS (phineas gage) or a LOSS OF EMOTIONS
A ________ _________ is a surgical procedure that isolates the ORBITOFRONTAL cortex from the rest of the LIMBIC system.”
Frontal lobotomy
??
Hippocampus
??
Cingulate gyros
??
Hypothalamus
- Volitional can be seen as a…
2. A lesion in the RIGHT hemisphere leads to _________ __________ _________.
- FAKE smile
[“villain’s = con artists’(fake)] - VOLUNTARY facial paresis
- A Duchenne smile is a ________ _______ that is marked by (2) an ___ ______.
- Lesions in the LEFT hemisphere leads to __________ _______ ________.
- REAL smile
- EYE SQUINT
- EMOTIONAL facial paresis
Volitional facial paresis (RH lesion/L-sided paralysis):
- only ____ side of face responds when making volitional (fake) smile.
- Genuine smile is …
- RIGHT
2. UNAFFECTED (genuine smile works fine)
Emotional facial paresis (LH lesion/R-sided paralysis):
1. Has muscle strength to move
muscles on _____ side(s) of mouth
2. genuine smile only engages ____ side of face
- BOTH
2. LEFT
Does the right or left hemisphere dominate the production of facial expressions?
Right
testosterone _________ aggression
Increases
*More testosterone = more aggression
Aggression in female rats increases when the neighboring embryo is male. This is thought to be due to…
Increases in prenatal androgens
Which theory of emotion maintains:
Feelings depend on the interpretation of the physical changes (autonomic, behavioral) that occur in our body in response to an emotional event?
- ________ –> ________ –> _________
“danger!!” –> fight or flight –> “I’m afraid!!!” - events trigger ________
- “We are all _____ ___________”
The James Lange theory
- stimulus –> response –> emotions
events trigger BEHAVIORS
Self observers
Which theory of emotion maintains:
Feelings depend on the interpretation of the physical changes (autonomic, behavioral) that occur in our body in response to an emotional event?
- ________ –> ________ –> _________
“danger!!” –> fight or flight –> “I’m afraid!!!” - events trigger ________
- “We are all _____ ___________”
The JAMES LANGE theory -
FACIAL FEEDBACK hypothesis
- stimulus –> response –> emotions
events trigger BEHAVIORS
Self observers
Which theory of emotion maintains:
An emotional event SIMULTANEOUSLY evokes the feeling of the emotion and the physical changes that accompany it.
- ________ –> _______ –> _______/_______
“Danger!!” –> thalamus –> I’‘m afraid/ F or F
Cannon-Bard
stimulus –> thalamus –> emotion/response
Which theory of emotion maintains:
The physical changes evoked by an emotional event are attributed to the prevailing environmental conditions, leading to an emotional feeling that corresponds.
- ________ –>_______/_______–> _______
Schachter’s Cognitive Theory
- Stimulus –> Arousal/Attribute –> emotion
MISATTRIBUTION OF AROUSAL:
The outcome of Schachter and Singer’s study on the attribution of emotions found that feelings (i.e., anger or euphoria) of subjects depend on …
feelings of research confederate.
The part of the AUTONOMIC nervous system that generally prepares the body to RELAX and RECOVER.
parasympathetic nervous system
The part of the AUTONOMIC nervous system that acts as the “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” system, generally activating the body for action.
sympathetic nervous system
[SYMPATHETIC for those always in FIGHT OR FLIGHT mode]
Also called ADRENALINE. A compound that acts both as a HORMONE (secreted by the adrenal medulla under the control of the sympathetic nervous system) and as a SYNAPTIC TRANSMITTER.
epinephrine
Also called NORADRENALIN. A neurotransmitter produced and released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons to ACCELERATE OREGON ACTIVITY.
norepinephrine
A glucocorticoid STRESS HORMONE of the adrenal cortex.
cortisol
_______ __________ hypothesis suggests that sensory feedback from our facial expressions can affect our mood
FACIAL FEEDBACK
The _______ ___________ is a major component of the brain’s REWARD circuitry
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS
[“my REWARD is CUMMING”]
the ______ _________ is a loosely defined, widespread group of BRAIN NUCLEI that innervate each other to FORM A NETWORK. These nuclei are implicated in emotions.
Limbic system
_______-______ syndrome is a condition, brought about by BILATERAL AMYGDALA DAMAGE, that is characterized by dramatic emotional changes including REDUCED FEAR & ANXIETY
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
The ________ is a key structure in the mediation of fear
amygdala
Gen. adaptation syndrome:
initial response is the ______ ________
second reaction is the ________ _______
if stress continues, the third _________ ______ results.
ALARM REACTION - fight or flight (adrenal Medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine. Adrenal cortex releases cortisol
ADAPTATION STAGE - reestablishes homeostasis
EXHAUSTION STAGE
- The concept that mild stress early in life makes an individual better able to handle stress later in life.
Stress immunization
