302 - Rules and Procedure in the East Low Sector Flashcards
Glossary > Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR)
An IFR ATC arrival procedure published in the CAP for use by aircraft with the appropriate navigation capabilities and coded in many GNSS and FMS databases.
TC AIM RAC 9.2 > Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR), Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA) and Terminal Arrival Area (TAA)
(…) STARs are developed to simplify clearance procedures at higher density airports and are individually depicted in the Canada Air Pilot (CAP).
Glossary > Transition
Definition 1: The general term that describes the change from one phase of flight or flight conditions to another, e.g. transition from enroute flight to the approach or transition from instrument flight to visual flight
Definition 2: A published procedure used to connect the basic standard instrument departure (SID) to one or more enroute airways or to connect one or more enroute airways to the basic standard terminal arrival (STAR). More than one transition may be published in the associated SID or STAR or RNAV approach
ATS Surveillance > Vectoring
Allow aircraft operating on SIDs, STARs, and RNAV routes to conduct their own navigation to the extent possible.
Arrivals > STAR
Allow the aircraft to conduct its own navigation to the extent possible.
Vectoring > Vectoring Initiation
If you initiate vectoring, inform the pilot of the following:
* The purpose of vectors and/or the point to which the aircraft is being vectored
* That the aircraft’s SID or STAR is cancelled, if applicable
STAR > Managing Aircraft Operating on a STAR
Vectoring an Aircraft Off a STAR the Re-establishing it on the Same STAR
If you vector an aircraft off a STAR, instruct the pilot to rejoin the STAR using one of the following:
* Direct to a waypoint
* Intercept between two waypoints
Rerouting an Aircraft to Another STAR or STAR Transition
If necessary, issue appropriate joining instructions to reroute the aircraft to another STAR or STAR transition, and instruct the pilot to rejoin the STAR.
TC AIM RAC 9.2.3.4 > Procedure Identification
A STAR can designate multiple lateral routes, dependent on the runway in use, for an aircraft to fly from various points along the en route phase of flight to the approach phase with little or no ATC intervention. These lateral routes (referred to as transitions) are listed on the STAR chart and may include instructions for management of the vertical profile.
TC AIM RAC 9.2.3.5 > Altitude Restrictions
Altitude restrictions may be included in the STAR. Although an aircraft is expected to follow the charted lateral track of the cleared STAR without further ATC clearance, as per the flight-planned/cleared route, such is not the case with the STAR vertical profile; ATC has to issue descent clearance, and when a lower altitude is issued, pilots shall descend on the STAR profile to the ATC-assigned altitude. Unless specially cancelled by ATC, all charted restrictions above the assigned altitude on the STAR remain mandatory.
TC AIM RAC 9.2.3.6 > Speed Restrictions
Pilots must follow charted speed restrictions on a STAR. An ATC-assigned speed restriction supersedes any STAR-charted speed restrictions and must be followed until CAR 602.32 prohibits the pilot from flying at that speed.
Glossary > Waypoint
A specified geographical location, defined by longitude and latitude, that is used in the definition of routes and terminal segments and for progress-reporting purposes
Glossary > Fly-By Waypoint
A waypoint that requires the use of turn anticipation to avoid an overshoot of the next flight segment.
Glossary > Fly-Over Waypoint
A waypoint that precludes any turn until the waypoint is overflown and is followed by an intercept manoeuvre of the next flight segment.
Advantages of STARs
- Provide standard routings
- Simplify procedures for both pilots and controllers
- Permit optimized use of airspace
- Present significant fuel savings
- Reduce pilot-controller communications
Disadvantages of STARs
- Inefficient, unpredictable spacing on final
- Designed to be flown to the DTW/FACF; if not, more workload for controller and pilot
Arrivals > STAR
Consider an aircraft to have been cleared for the STAR if the STAR is included in the routing portion of the flight plan.
Clearance for the STAR allows the aircraft to follow the lateral track only, descent clearance must be received from ATC. Clear an aircraft flying a STAR for descent in sufficient time to meet any published altitude restriction. Pilots are required to comply with all published altitude and speed restrictions at or above the cleared altitude unless specifically cancelled by ATC.
ATIS Format
Keep ATIS messages concise. Do not include ATIS message time or RVR in the ATIS message. Include the following information, as applicable, in the sequence indicated:
1. Aerodrome name
2. Message code letter
3. Weather information, including:
◦ Time of weather report or sequence ◦ Surface wind, including gusts[6]
◦ Visibility, weather and obstructions to vision, and sky condition (specify the ceiling if applicable). You may replace this information with the term CAVOK. LAWO sites are only to include visibility and ceiling information.
◦ Temperature
◦ Dew point
◦ Altimeter setting
◦ Pertinent SIGMETs, AIRMETs, and PIREPs[9]
◦ Other pertinent weather information
4. Type of instrument approach in use, including information on simultaneous parallel or converging operations
5. Landing runway, both IFR and VFR, including information on hold short operations and the stopping distance available[13]
6. Departure runway, both IFR and VFR
7. Aerodrome conditions that may affect the arrival or departure of aircraft. Aerodrome conditions include:[13]
◦ An RSC report—Only the RSC for the runway(s) in use is included on the ATIS broadcast, either by thirds or by full runway length as applicable.
◦ A CRFI report—Only the CRFI for the runway(s) in use is included on the ATIS broadcast, either by thirds or by full runway length, as applicable.
◦ NOTAM information—This may be omitted from an ATIS message after a broadcast period of 12 hours at domestic aerodromes, and 24 hours at international airports.
◦ Bird activity—Only if required for extreme conditions outlined in unit procedures. Do not include information already published in the CFS
8. Restriction or suspension of landings or takeoffs.
9. Instruction that aircraft are to acknowledge receipt of the ATIS broadcast on initial contact with the ATS Unit.
6 It is critical to include gusty wind conditions in the wind component of ATIS messages. Gusts can play an important role when an approach is conducted using auto-throttle or when the cross-wind component is near the upper limit.
9 Pertinent SIGMETs, AIRMETs, and PIREPs, which include severe weather conditions in the vicinity of the airport, may be itemized or referred to alphanumerically in the ATIS messages.
13 If multiple-runway use, and other necessary information, cause the message length to exceed the ATIS system capability, stopping distance information may be omitted from the ATIS message.
ATIS Identification
ATIS messages are identified with a code letter as follows:
* Assign a code letter in sequence from the phonetic alphabet, beginning with ALFA, and continuing to ZULU until all letters are used, then start a new cycle without regard to the beginning of a new day.
TC AIM RAC 9.1 > Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) Broadcasts
If ATIS is available, all pilots should use it to obtain the basic arrival or departure and aerodrome information as soon as it is practicable.
TC AIM RAC 1.3 > Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
(…) Pilots hearing the broadcast should inform the ATC/FSS unit on initial contact that they have received the information, by repeating the code letter that identifies the message, thus obviating the need for the controller/specialist to issue information. Example: …WITH BRAVO.
(…) The success and effectiveness of ATIS is largely dependent upon the co-operation and participation of airspace users; therefore, pilots are strongly urged to take full advantage of this service.
ATIS > ATIS Revision
Record a new message if any of the following occurs:
* A new METAR or SPECI is received.
* A new LAWO observation is conducted.
* An applicable SIGMET, AIRMET, or PIREP is received, updated, or cancelled.
* The altimeter setting changes by ± 0.04 inches or more since the last recorded altimeter data.
* The type of IFR approach is changed.
* A runway is changed.
* An applicable NOTAM is received, updated, or cancelled.
* A change in runway conditions is reported.
ATIS > ATIS Revision
If the ATIS message cannot be kept current due to rapidly changing conditions, record a message that all or part of the information will be issued by the unit.
ATIS Exemptions
Except during rapidly changing conditions, you need not issue information included in the current ATIS broadcast, provided the pilot acknowledges receipt of the broadcast.
Inform pilots of any new and pertinent information that differs from the current ATIS message.
Landing Information
If an aircraft has been cleared for a STAR, then on initial contact, the arrival controller must inform the aircraft of the landing runway.
After issuing landing information, if you learn of information that may affect an aircraft’s descent, approach, or landing, inform the pilot promptly. Pilots may be unaware of recent changes that may affect flight safety, such as runway changes.
