206 - High Level Vectors and Directs Flashcards
Terminav > Flight Profile
Trajectory or its graphic representation, followed by an aircraft in flight and defined by its altitude, speed, distance flown and manoeuvre.
RNPC
Required navigation performance capability
Glossary > RNAV (Area Navigation)
A method of navigation that permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground- or space-based NAVAIDs or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these.
Control Estimates
Base control decisions on ATC estimates and aircraft performance. Verify the estimate and aircraft performance using position reports over fixes, or as determined by radio aids, ATS surveillance, RNAV, or visual means that accurately define the position of the aircraft.
CAATS-generated times are considered ATC estimates. Although estimates are system generated, controllers are not relieved of the responsibility for ensuring estimates are accurate.
This includes position reports derived from ADS-C and CPDLC.
Verifying Control Estimates
Use aircraft estimates to verify ATC estimates. If a discrepancy exists between an aircraft estimate and an ATC estimate for the same reporting point, and separation could be affected:
1. Check the accuracy of the ATC estimate.
2. If a discrepancy remains, request the pilot to check the aircraft estimate.
3. If a discrepancy still exists, take appropriate action to ensure that separation is not compromised.
The requirement to use pilot estimates to validate ATC estimates varies with traffic density, type of operations (arrival, departure, enroute, ATS surveillance), and whether a wind component is known and valid. Where limited opportunities exist for position reports, you should obtain pilot estimates to validate.
An ADS-C next time fixe is considered an aircraft estimate.
Control Estimates > Incorrect Estimates
When separating aircraft, the estimated time may not be correct. If an expected report does not arrive and flight safety is likely to be jeopardized, obtain the report no more than 5 minutes after the estimated time over a reporting point. Otherwise, obtain the report as soon as feasible.
Longitudinal Separation
Separate aircraft longitudinally:
* By a minimum expressed in time or distance
* So that the spacing between the estimated positions of the aircraft is never less than a prescribed minimum
Example If a slower leading aircraft is estimated at a fix 10 minutes ahead of a faster trailing aircraft, establish vertical separation before or at the time the leading aircraft is estimated at the fix.
Time-Based Longitudinal Separation
Establish time-based longitudinal separation using one of the following methods:
* By clearing an aircraft to depart at a specified time
* By clearing an aircraft to cross a specified fix at a specified time
* By clearing an aircraft to hold at a fix until a specified time
* By clearing an aircraft to reverse heading
* On the basis of position reports, provided that one of the following applies:
◦ Both aircraft have reported over the same reporting point.
◦ The trailing aircraft has confirmed not yet reaching the reporting point used by the leading aircraft.
Time-Based RNPC Longitudinal Separation
When applying time-based longitudinal separation, separate RNPC-certified aircraft on same or crossing tracks by a minimum of 10 minutes.
Distance-Based RNPC Longitudinal Separation
When applying distance-based longitudinal separation, separate RNPC-certified aircraft on the same track or crossing tracks by a minimum of 30 miles, and:
* Maintain direct communication using VHF/UHF voice.
* Using RNAV or ATS surveillance from a common point, determine distance and ensure that the required separation is maintained or increased.
Determining Distance
Distance can be determined by requesting RNAV position reports or by using SiT distance measuring tools. Aircraft using RNAV can report a position at any point along their track.
When applying DME separation, advise RNPC‑certified aircraft to use DME distance.
Glossary > Waypoint
A specified geographical location, defined by longitude and latitude, that is used in the definition of routes and terminal segments and for progress-reporting purposes.
ATS Surveillance Separation
CSiT and NARDS are both operationally certified ATS surveillance display systems that can be used to apply the appropriate separation minima provided in this section. CSiT is the primary display, and NARDS is the auxiliary.
Ensure both aircraft are identified, and that you are in direct communication using VHF/UHF voice with at least one of them. Do not permit PPSs to touch.
Unless applying target resolution, apply ATS surveillance separation between the centres of PPSs as indicated in ATS Surveillance Separation Conditions. When providing ATS surveillance control service, a wake turbulence separation standard is required.
Range Bearing Line and Halo Function
The Range Bearing Line (RBL) and Halo function can be used to assist in determining the separation between PPSs. The distances provided by RBL are measured from centre to centre of the PPSs. The radius of the halo is user-selectable and does not vary with range.
IFR Departures Before Arrivals
When separating a departing aircraft from an arriving aircraft, the minima indicated in IFR Departures Before Arrivals: Same Runway, IFR Departures Before Arrivals: Intersecting Runways, and IFR Departures Before Arrivals: Interacting Runways can supersede those in ATS Surveillance Separation Conditions.
Vectoring Termination
You may terminate vectoring of an aircraft, provided any of the following apply to the aircraft:
* It is cleared for an approach.
* It is cleared to hold.
* It is established on a cleared route without requiring navigation assistance
An aircraft that is on a track that will intercept the “on course” within a reasonable distance is considered to be established on the cleared route.
Inform the pilot of:
* Termination of vectoring, except when the aircraft has been cleared for an approach
* Position of the aircraft when vectoring is terminated, unless you know the pilot has the information.
When an aircraft has been vectored off its cleared route, clear the aircraft to the next waypoint or fix on its route of flight, or vector the aircraft back to a point on its original route.
Vectoring to Intercept the Final Approach Course
Vector an aircraft to intercept the final approach course at an angle of 30° or less, and one of the following distances:
* 2 miles or more from the point at which final descent will begin
Vectoring Termination
When an aircraft has been vectored off its cleared route, clear the aircraft to the next waypoint or fix on its route of flight, or vector the aircraft back to a point on its original route.
