300 Materials and Equipment

Question 1

Metal in sports

Answer 1

Magnesium alloys: (1.7) chair wheels, bicycle parts
Aluminum alloy (2.7) bicycle frames
Titan (4.5) golf, bicycle
Steel (7.8) arrowhead, gun,screw,she’s spikes,bicycles
Stainless steel ( 7.8) ice skate blades, skis
Lead (11.4) ballast,boat keel
Tungsten (19,3) arrowhead, ski pole tips

Question 2

Ceramics in sport

Answer 2

• Concrete- infrastructure
• Granit- curling stone
• Alumin oxide - coatings for wheels and carabiners
• Glass- as fiber in skis, boats….
• magnesium: MgO for absorbing humidity

Question 3

Natural materials in sports

Answer 3

Wood-skis, baseball bats, gymnastic rings,hockey sticks, horses jumpin
Cotton: clothes,adhesive tapes…..
Silk: clothes,bicycle tires for tracks
Leather: shoes,gloves,straps,coating….

Question 4

Composite materials

Answer 4

A synergy between several combined materials
A continuous matrix material
embedding reinforcement in form of fibres or particles
Used in sports and leisure like tennis rackets, skis, golf, pole vault, arrow and bow…
Used in building like swimming pools, walls, profiles..
Used in Mechanics like housing levers, robot arms, flywheel
Used in electronics like insulators, board circuits, windmills

Composite is used in F1 parts 
Because you can shape composite, light weight, stiffness then it can be Used in: 
Transportation
Automotive 
F1, Bikes and motorbikes 
Helmets 
Hollo composite
Sport equipment
Skies and bords 
Prosthesis 
Boats and canoes

Question 5

Application

Answer 5

Sport and leisure
Tennis rackets, skis, golf clubs, pole vault, arrow and bow, helmet, fishing rods,…..

Electronics
Insulators, board circuits, housings, antenna, radoms, cable channels, windmills…

Mechanics
gears, housings,levers, robot arms, flywheel, structures for
weaving machine, pipes, pressure vessels, tires….

Building ind.
Swimming pool, walls, profiles, furniture, bridges

Question 6

Transportation

Answer 6

Weigth reduction 
•Mechanical performance
 •Complexe shapes, design
•Weigth reduction
 •Corrosion resistance

Question 7

Bike and motor bikes

Answer 7

Stiffness, lightness
•Shell-framed structures
•Aerodynamics

Question 8

Helmets

Answer 8

• Impact resistance
• Stiffness, lightness
• Design

Question 9

Hollow composites

Answer 9

Stiffness, lightness 
•Design
•Stiffness variation 
•Vibration, damping
• Energy management

Question 10

Sport equipment

Answer 10

• Stiffness, lightness
• Fatigue resistance
• Integration of materials
• Complex shapes

Question 11

Prosthesis

Answer 11

Stiffness
• Design (body adaptation,
geometry for efficiency...)
 • Deformation energy
• Fatigue resistance

Question 12

Ski and boards

Answer 12

• Stiffness, lightness
• Materials integration
• Damping
• Design for directional stiffnesses, etc….

Question 13

Boars and canoes

Answer 13

•Stiffness, lightness • Corrosion resistance • Schock research

Question 14

Evolutions

Answer 14

Mechanical properties
Manufacturing costs
Unique performance
Unique functionality
First introduced by airplanes mechanical properties the to automotive manufacturing cost to sports for unique performance then to new functionality

Question 15

Sustainable materials

Answer 15

Biopolymers = biodegradable polymer from renewable resources

Question 16

Biocomposites: natural fibre composites

Answer 16

Stiffness and damping
Eco-friendly materials
Improving fibre reliability
Still hybrid materials systems (+ and -)

Question 17

Self-healing materials

Answer 17

Detect and stop damage propagation Improve health monitoring and life time of composite
Crack propagation is stoped by reactive resin nodules

Question 18

Creating products from materials through processes:

Answer 18

You have the materials (polymers or fibers) then there are techniques where you out the fibers then put the polymers and combine them to have the final composite product
Examples in process: by hand, spray guns combining fibers and polymers, by using molding, automation (robots).